The Segregation Of The United States - 1292 Words

The Union was in a state of exceedingly high tension as it split into two on the issue of slavery. It was a question of moral integrity and whether it should be allowed to continue. Racism permeated the institution of slavery. The color of a man’s skin did not keep him from fighting for freedom in the wars that took place in America, although it was a way white people sought to justify their mistreatment of them. Slaves were viewed as inferior beings by southern whites and as the abolition movement gained momentum in the north, the slave owners began to see northerners as inferior as well for sympathizing with such barbarians. The Dred Scott case only serves to further this point; slaves were by law not seen as citizens. Consequently,†¦show more content†¦It began in 1619, in Jamestown, Virginia when African slaves were brought as an incredibly prolific and cheap source of labor; quickly becoming the backbone for much agricultural profit. There’s no doubt th at, economically speaking, slavery was an extraordinary institution for gaining wealth; so powerful was this concept that it formed the basis of the Southern economy. Though they worked primarily on tobacco, rice, and indigo plantations in the 17th and 18th centuries, the later advent of the cotton gin saved the South and provided a machine that could increase the productivity of the slaves and the amount of cotton that they could export, further proving that slave labor was a crucial part of the South’s economy. The conflicting ideologies on slavery in the North and South clashed heavily, inevitably leading to the South’s secession from the Union. Abraham Lincoln wished to suffocate slavery in the states in which it already existed by not allowing the institution to expand into the new territories. In his house divided speech he says â€Å"In my opinion, it will not cease, until a crisis shall have been reached, and passed. ‘A house divided against itself canno t stand.’ I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free.† The two mindsets could not coexist forever as they were vastly different. The issue of morality in slavery clearly had split in half with the justification for pro-slaveryShow MoreRelatedSegregation Of The United States1305 Words   |  6 PagesSegregation in the United States, legal or social practice of separating people on the basis of their race or ethnicity. Segregation has been prohibited in the United States since the mid-1960s . All over America there seems to be painfully obvious difference in the school systems which cater to the upper class minority and the ones that serve the lower and middle class minority. There is a strong undercurrent of racial inequality in today s school systems, which negativelyRead MoreThe Segregation Of The United States1546 Words   |  7 Pagesof segregation in the United States. A lot has changed in the past fifty years since segregation ended. The United States shifted from arresting African Americans for using â€Å"white only† facilities to integrated schools all over the country. Influential individuals such as Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr helped pave the way for African Americans to live as equals to along with their white counterparts in the United States of America. What is Segregation In 1896 the United States SupremeRead MoreSegregation Of The United States1357 Words   |  6 Pagescountry is a great example of segregation because we not only segregate by race, but by gender and sexual orientation as well. America was founded on preconceived expectations of gender and race leading to a segregation of consciousness that structures opinions around the injustices of stereotypes. For years, our country prided itself on being called the melting pot of culture and diversity; when in all honesty, we are not what we claimed to be. The citizens of the United States judge everyone based onRead MoreThe Segregation Of The United States2068 Words   |  9 PagesThe United States prides itself as a nation with a government that treats its citizens with equality regardless of race and ethnicity. Based on this country’s legal actions, is that an accurate description? The people of the United States are divided into different groups based on the color of their skin. The divisions created racism and eventually led to segregation. The segregation of African Americans and white people led to the passing of the Jim Crow laws. These laws strengthened Southern segregationRead MoreThe Segregation Of The United States844 Words   |  4 Pagesall believed that segregation was right when it came to the education system. When the time came to Desegreted School it was meet by resistant, but the effects of this historical movement can still be seen in the 21st century. Segregated schools began in result of the Jim Crow laws, which stated races where to have separate accommodation in public. The Supreme Court in the beginning said that segregation as was legal as long as it was equal. However, when it comes to segregation the truth is nothingRead MoreThe Segregation Of The United States938 Words   |  4 Pagesgroups that human beings can be divided into based on shared distinctive physical traits.† (Mirriam-Webster) However, ideas about race have been altered over time. There have been many laws passed that limit the number of immigrants allowed in the United States. For example, the Johnson-Reed Immigration Act of 1924 limited the number of immigrants allowed in the U.S. based on a racial census and completely excluded Asian immigrants. Only 2% of the total number of people of each nationality as of the 1890Read MoreRacial Segregation And The United States2133 Words   |  9 PagesIn the United States, inequalities are an unfortunate evil that resonate throughout low-income individuals and minorities. Though these problems are sometimes viewed as coincidences, in the past and even in the present, there have been legislation put in place that have negatively affected specific populations in the US. Because of the injustices in the system socially constructed ideologies about race, ethnicity, and poverty, and our lacking health care system, many people experience inequalitiesRead MoreRacial Segregation Of The United States1508 Words   |  7 PagesWe have issues. More specifically the United States has issues, continuous and all encompassing issues of racial inequality.The United States is experiencing a outburst of racism, as can be seen from the 2014 killings of two unarmed African-American men, to the brutality of white supremacy in Charleston and the string of arsons in black churches across the South. Of course, it’s nothing new for a nation with a long history of extreme racist violence—the most r ecent lynching-related death occurredRead MoreRacial Segregation And The United States2215 Words   |  9 Pages Racial segregation has been embedded in southern society ever since the birth of the America. However, even though documents such as Brown vs. Board of Education and the fourteenth amendment has been instituted into the constitution, we are still facing racial segregation throughout America that is unconstitutional and unjust. The south of America, especially Alabama, are facing several claims of racial tension in their prison system and their way to solve the tension between the black and whiteRead MoreRacial Segregation Within The United States780 Words   |  4 Pagespatterns of residential segregation in their attempts to answer such a question. Massey and Denton explore racial residential segregation in the United States throughout the 20th century. They argue that the making and concentration of the (African American) underclass in inner cities resulted from institutional and interpersonal racism in the housing market that perpetuates already existing racial segregation. Simil arly, Reardon and colleagues conclude that residential segregation by income level occurs

Alignment of IT and Business Free Essays

IT and business alignment is the best system for modern strategic management of organizations because it reduces the overall costs of operations, promotes effective communication in a company, and enhances faster response and evaluation of business progress.   Besides, it sets a platform for faster changes by an organization in future. However, IT and business alignment has proved to be one of the most difficult aspect for most organizations. We will write a custom essay sample on Alignment of IT and Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Over 75% of the companies and institutions have not fully aligned IT with their management systems.   However, over 80% of them have partially embraced IT especially in the top management levels (Aileen, 2008). IT and business alignment is an ongoing process that optimizes the IT mechanisms and business management operations at all levels.   It carves the correct climate whereby IT becomes a major strategic enabler of all the business operations. Lack of effective leadership in business operations According to Roland (2008) effective leadership in a business setting acts as a major platform and a guiding icon towards the correct direction for an organization.   Arguably, it is the role of the business leaders to pro-actively identify the most important aspects that would enhance higher levels of sustainability. Notably, small mistakes taken by conservative rigid leaders are referred as minor shenanigans and mostly not factored in business operations until it has sank into great losses.   Most of the leaders are directly engrossed into the past methods of business operations based on raw products and finished products simplified systems of accounting.   Many organizations are unable to link the extra IT cost to be incurred by the business and the returns to be achieved. As indicated by majority of the large companies that have embraced IT in their systems like Wal-Mart and JP Morgan Chase, the returns are not instant and may take time before the respective advantages are realized.   Arguably, IT/ Business alignment is a process as opposed to a one day operation. After launching its Point of Sale services that would link Citibank with its major financial operations information centers, the Bank had to wait for some months before realizing the expected goals (Mahesh, 2007). Poor focus into the future and conservatism Analysts have linked hardship to articulate IT and business hardships to three superimposed factors of business management namely tactic, strategy, and innovation.   The three factors are effectively superimposed on each other and simultaneously operate for or against IT/ business alignment depending with the prevailing environment. Lack of effective tactics and strategy by business makes the overall demand for modernization to appear vague (Malcolm Keith, 2007).   Notably, many companies and organizations especially in areas with reduced competition have been slow in aligning IT and their business operations. Southwest Airlines managing director cited his company’s success as a product of effective tactic that incorporated customer and staff management through information technology that assists the airline to respond faster to all the consumer need. Arguably, the current economic down turn could have affected them very negatively as the company offers low cost flights in US (Ann, 2007). Henersen Venkartraman (1993) points out that poor innovative capacity by organization forms a major stepping block of growth, and development.   Arguably, alignment of IT and business demands high levels of innovative capacity that carves new ways of operating the old models. This has been indicated as one of the hardest nut to crack especially where leaders are greatly old fashioned.   This has been cited as the major setback especially where people manage their own premises as opposed to professionals. There is generally lack of effective cost benefit analysis to determine the overall suitability of the alignment. Organizations financial ability To add to that, lack of enough finances has slowed or hindered many company’s operations alignment with IT.   Arguably, establishment of IT infrastructure is a costly venture that requires correct budgeting in effecting the overall venture. Though analysts have differed on the statement that finances form the key aspect in aligning IT and business operations, it is clear that very little can be achieved without enough funds (Aileen, 2008). Though the cost of installation and establishing the correct IT systems in business has relatively declined, the overall maintenance and possible establishment of new IT operations department demands enough funds especially at the beginning.   This has been a major cause of failure especially in the last three years when companies’ have are trying to reduce the overall cost as much as possible. Conclusion IT/ business alignment is the best system for modern strategic management for effecting change and maximizing profits.   Effective leadership demands that balance is taken to ensure increased focus into the future that will be defined and established on the basis of IT assimilation in the business. Lean management should be assimilated in organizations through IT and business alignment’s as a mode of reducing the overall wasteful systems in its operations.   Businesses should embark on international studies to establish the facts and the vast advantages that are derived from IT alignment in business management operations. How to cite Alignment of IT and Business, Papers

Assessment of IQ in Children and Adolescent is a Poor Predictor of Sch

Question: Write an essay on the topic "Assessment of IQ in children and adolescent is a poor predictor of school achievement". Answer: For more than a century, it was believed that intelligence quotient is the measure of how clever people are and the elite society have always used the test to find out the intelligence of subpar applicants. However, scientists have dismissed this scale as a myth as they found that our intelligence is a combination of at least three results of our mental alertness. There are different kinds of circuits within the brain, and it is used for different thought processes. As per the researchers verbal skills, reasoning and short-term memory skills are needed to measure the overall intelligence of an individual (Duckworth et al., 2012). This is an argumentative essay and it shall contain reasons and arguments as to why intelligence quotient tests are a poor predictor of assessment of intelligence in school achievement. Scores on intelligence tests were originally used as a formula that involved calculation. Therefore, the tests were known as intelligence quotient or IQ scores. Though we continue to use the term IQ, intelligence quotient test scores are no longer dependent on the earlier formula. However, students having high IQ typically do well in school; however, one cannot conclude that their high level of success is actually an outcome of their intelligence (Ganz et al., 2013). The first argument that depends on this proposition is that, other than intelligence, many factors such as family resources, parental support, motivation and peer group expectations are the other factors that are involved in support of their success. It has been seen that many students who have IQ perform badly in class and others who have a low IQ do comparatively better in class. IQ tests do not depend on certain specific topics it is as overall determination of our intelligence (Kaufman et al., 2015). For example, IQ contains questions that are based on reasoning, analysis and general knowledge whereas, school tests contains questions that are subject specific and students get enough time for preparation of that subject. Hence, one cannot relate results of intelligence quotient with academic success of the child. The second argument that can be stated in favour of the proposition is that intelligence quotient tests have a restricted shelf life. While it is true that IQ scores do a reasonable job for predicting students school performance but for a short period, may be for a year or two but for a longer run one cannot depend on the results of the IQ tests for determining success especially when the child in is preschool or in the elementary years. Intelligence, changes with change in time, thus how it is measured should also change. The longer the time gap between intelligence, the higher are the chances of fluctuation in intelligence (Grinblatt et al., 2012). The cognitive ability and IQ scores of children increase with time when children are highly motivated and along with proper motivation other stimulating factors and a variety of reading materials is helpful. Hence, it shall be wrong to relate directly the IQ scores with school success and achievement. However, this is not the case always, many modern intelligence tests and techniques have been developed that predicts precisely how well students are able to perform in classrooms. Studies have repeatedly shown that students are likely to perform better in class who have high intelligence quotient scores and that it is correlated with one another. Based on the findings, it was seen that on an average, children with higher IQ scores do better in class as compared to those who have low level of IQ and they completed more years of education. Hence, with this finding it may be concluded that IQ scores often predict school achievement, though imprecisely. This is the reason why many psychologists depend on modern IQ test scores to determine the relationship between IQ test scores and school achievement (Berliner and Glass, 2014). Additionally, IQ tests comprises of questions related to reasoning ability and working memory tests. If as a student, one has the power to reason and understand things and has the capability of memorising things then as a student one may definitely be good in academics. As school life learning, is also related to understanding of subjects and reasoning them appropriately (Mesquita et al., 2016). If we rely on the counter arguments that reason the ability of determining school success depending on IQ test results, the logic presented may be refuted depending on the following points. Firstly, as stated in the counter argument, that modern IQ test scores depend on modern skills and techniques and are more reliable as compared to the earlier techniques. However, modern techniques and skills are not always reliable, as IQ scores do not cover all the variations as revealed by the tests. They fail to take into consideration that for determining academic success certain subjects need to be focused. For example, a student of mathematics may be good at solving mathematical calculations however; he may be bad at logical reasoning. This happens, as there are individual differences in the processing of information related to numbers and figures (Ritchie et al., 2013). Secondly, memorising and reasoning ability has nothing to do with academic learning. Academic learning requires understan ding of particular subjects in which individual differences occur depending on the interests of that person in that subject. For example, a student may be good in history as he has interest in learning and understanding history, whereas, he may be bad in science, as he does not have any interest in learning and understanding that subject. In such a scenario, IQ scores have no role to play in academic success (Wilsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ching et al., 2013). Conclusively, it may be stated that since IQ test scores are not subjective in nature and cover a wide range of objectives in their analysis and reasoning, hence, it is wrong to use the test scores of IQ as a predictor in school achievement. Based on the arguments, facts, reasoning and examples it may be concluded that IQ test scores are a poor predictor of school achievement. References: Berliner, D.C. and Glass, G.V. eds., 2014.50 myths and lies that threaten America's public schools: The real crisis in education. Teachers College Press. Duckworth, A. L., Quinn, P. D., Tsukayama, E. (2012). What No Child Left Behind leaves behind: The roles of IQ and self-control in predicting standardized achievement test scores and report card grades.Journal of educational psychology,104(2), 439. Ganz, P. A., Kwan, L., Castellon, S. A., Oppenheim, A., Bower, J. E., Silverman, D. H., ... Belin, T. R. (2013). Cognitive complaints after breast cancer treatments: examining the relationship with neuropsychological test performance.Journal of the National Cancer Institute, djt073. Grinblatt, M., Keloharju, M., Linnainmaa, J. T. (2012). IQ, trading behavior, and performance.Journal of Financial Economics,104(2), 339-362. Kaufman, A. S., Raiford, S. E., Coalson, D. L. (2015).Intelligent testing with the WISC-V. John Wiley Sons. Mesquita, C., Nazar, B.P., Pinna, C.M., Rabelo, B., Serra-Pinheiro, M.A., Sergeant, J. and Mattos, P., 2016. How can Continuous Performance Test help to assess inattention when Mood and ADHD symptoms coexist?.Psychiatry Research. Ritchie, S. J., Bates, T. C., Der, G., Starr, J. M., Deary, I. J. (2013). Education is associated with higher later life IQ scores, but not with faster cognitive processing speed.Psychology and aging,28(2), 515. Wilsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ching, M., Pascoe, L., Doyle, L. W., Anderson, P. J. (2014). Effects of correcting for prematurity on cognitive test scores in childhood.Journal of paediatrics and child health,50(3), 182-188.

Should humans drink milk free essay sample

Milk has been used for human consumption for thousands and thousands of years, as proven by cave drawings showing cows being milked. Today, cows milk is still one of the most popular animal milks consumed by humans. Around the world, people drink the milk from many other animals including camels, goats, llamas, reindeer, sheep, and water buffalo. We have all heard the popular saying, â€Å"Milk, it does a body good†, on TV or on the radio but is milk really good for us? Some people are beginning to think that milk is more harmful than beneficial. Opponents of consuming milk state that it causes obesity, cancer, heart disease, and allergies. Proponents of drinking milk say that all the calcium and vitamins in milk make milk a much needed staple in our diet and that milk can strengthen bones, help make your teeth strong and healthy, and prevent cancer. Well with that conflicting information, who is right? Let’s take a look at some history on milk before we make our decision. We will write a custom essay sample on Should humans drink milk? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Scientists believe that Neolithic farmers in Britain and Northern Europe may have been among the first to begin milking cattle for human consumption. The dairying activities of these European farmers may have begun as early as 6,000 years ago. According to scientists, the ability to digest milk was slowly gained some time between 5000-4000 B. C. E. by the spread of a genetic mutation called lactase persistence that allowed post-weaned humans to continue to digest milk. (http://milk. procon. org/view. resource. php? resourceID=000832) Archeological evidence also shows that the Ancient Sumerians drank cows milk and also made cows milk into cheeses and butters. The ancient Hebrews held milk in high favor; the earliest Hebrew Scriptures contain evidence of the widespread use of milk from very early times. The Old Testament refers to a land which floweth with milk and honey some twenty times. The phrase describes Palestine as a land of extraordinary fertility, providing all the comforts and necessities of life. In all, the Bible contains some fifty references to milk and milk products. So there is strong evidence of people drinking milk throughout history. So why are people now questioning if we should be drinking milk? When we are talking about milk, what we are talking about? The Britannica Encyclopedia offered the following description: Milk is Liquid secreted by the mammary glands of female mammals to nourish their young. The milk of domesticated animals is also an important food source for humans. Most milk consumed in Western countries is from cows; other important sources include sheep, goats, water buffalo, and camels. Milk is essentially an emulsion of fat and protein in water, along with dissolved sugar, minerals (including calcium and phosphorous), and vitamins, particularly vitamin B complex. Commercially processed cows milk is commonly enriched with vitamins A and D. So we are not just talking about cow’s milk, we are talking about any other animal milk. For the purpose of this essay, we are not talking about human milk. There are people who oppose the drinking of milk for ethical reasons and also for health reasons. PETA for example, has an anti-milk drinking campaign at milksucks. com and is opposed to the drinking of milk due to their opinion that it’s animal cruelty to milk the cows. On their website they state that cows are mistreated from birth until death. The babies are ripped from their mothers and the mothers are forced to produce 10 times the amount of milk that they would normally produce with the help of injections of drugs. They claim this shortens the life span of these cattle and makes them lame when they are finally retired from milking just to be butchered. Painful inflammation of the mammary glands, or mastitis, is common among cows raised for their milk, and it is one of dairy farms most frequently cited reasons for sending cows to slaughter. There are about 150 bacteria that can cause the disease, one of which is E. coli. Symptoms are not always visible, so milks somatic cell count (SCC) is checked to determine whether the milk is infected. Somatic cells include white blood cells and skin cells that are normally shed from the lining of the udder. As in humans, white blood cells—also known as pus—are produced as a means of combating infection. The SCC of healthy milk is below 100,000 cells per milliliter; however, the dairy industry is allowed to combine milk from all the cows in a herd in order to arrive at a bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC). Milk with a maximum BTSCC of 750,000 cells per milliliter can be sold. A BTSCC of 700,000 or more generally indicates that two-thirds of the cows in the herd are suffering from udder infections. When you are picking the milk to drink, the skim milk has the least white blood cells in it with the whole milk having the most white blood cells. Some people think that dairy products contribute to a number of health problems. They claim they can impair a childs ability to absorb iron and in very small children can even cause subtle blood loss from the digestive tract. Combined with the fact that milk has virtually no iron of its own, the result is an increased risk of iron deficiency. Also several studies have been published showing a high positive correlation between milk consumption in different countries and rates of death a few years later from Coronary Heart Disease. Studies have suggested that some of the nutritional benefits of milk may be lost when a lactose intolerant individual consumes milk. Not only does this person fail to receive the calories normally supplied by the undigested carbohydrates, but the resulting diarrhea may lead to loss of protein as well. Some people also believe that drinking milk can cause cancer. One reason milk consumption may lead to a cancer risk is insulin-like growth factor, IGF-1. Milk contains IGF-1 for good reason: milk is designed for babies, and IGF-1 helps us grow. IGF-1 affects growth, as well as other functions, and is normally found in our blood. Higher levels of IGF-1, however, appear to stimulate cancer cells. Three, large, well-designed studies in which dietary intake was assessed among cancer-free women who were followed over time to see who developed ovarian cancer, showed an increased risk of ovarian cancer among women with high intakes of milk and lactose. If women took in a daily increase of 10 grams of lactose, about the amount in one glass of milk, their risk of ovarian cancer increased by 13 percent. Exactly how the dairy foods may boost risk isnt known, but lactose produces galactose and glucose, and galactose has been thought to increase the risk by direct toxicity to the ovarian germ cells. Some people also blame milk for causing early puberty. Girls in the U. S. and other industrialized nations are now reaching puberty at drastically earlier ages. Two factors proven responsible for precocious puberty are detached parenting and consumption of cows milk. Cows milk has a high fat content, high levels of hormones and growth factors, and other chemicals from highly medicated cows. There are also people who believe that drinking milk hinders your body’s ability to digest properly. Some people think it is odd that humans are the only mammals who continue to drink milk after we are weaned from our mothers. There is also a belief that pasteurized cow’s milk can be one of the biggest culprits of allergies in children, and may be one of the contributing factors in behavioral issues of some children. On the other hand, there are people who believe that drinking milk is one of the best things we can do for our health. Milk is one-stop shopping for nutrition. It contains nearly all the basic nutrients that a growing child needs: fats, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals. While it is true that most of the nutrients in milk can be gotten easily from other sources, such as vegetables, legumes, and seafood, milk puts them all together in a convenient package. Realistically, children eat or drink dairy products in greater amounts and more consistently than other foods. While whole milk is not the only way to get calcium in a childs diet, its the most practical way. Some people believe that milk can help build strong bones. Findings from ongoing studies indicate that four to five servings/day of calcium-rich foods such as milk and other dairy products are needed to optimize peak bone mass during adolescence. Osteoporosis is a pediatric disease with geriatric consequences. With low calcium intake levels during important bone growth periods, todays youth faces a serious public health problem in the future. Some people also believe that drinking more milk can aide in weight loss. Mounting research indicates that consuming more calcium in the diet particularly from calcium-rich dairy foods can speed up weight loss and reduce body fat, particularly abdominal fat. Consuming dairy products appears to help prevent body weight and fat gain in children and adults, Caucasians and African-Americans, males and females. In addition, dairy foods have proven to be more effective than calcium alone in moderating body weight/fat gain and accelerating weight/fat loss. The mix of essential nutrients in dairy foods, including calcium and protein, appears to speed up metabolism and improve the bodys ability to burn fat. Milk is a very convenient way to include calcium in our diets. The largest source of dietary calcium for most persons is milk and other dairy products, which accounts for 72% of the calcium in the US food supply. Sixty-five percent of the dietary calcium intake in children in the United States is supplied by dairy products. Drinking three 8-oz glasses of milk  per day will achieve the recommended adequate intake of calcium in children 4 to 8 years of age, and four 8- to 10-oz glasses of milk will provide the adequate calcium intake for adolescents. Most vegetables contain calcium, although at relatively low density. So, large servings are needed to equal the total intake achieved with typical servings of dairy products. So should you drink animal milk or shouldn’t you? I think when it comes down to it, that has to be your personal choice. I have laid out the pros and the cons for both, now you get to decide.

Main composers characteristics Essays

Main composers characteristics Essays Main composers characteristics Paper Main composers characteristics Paper which uses only five notes instead of the usual seven notes. Pictures at an Exhibition is now best known in the orchestrated version by Maurice Ravel (1875-1937), completed in 1922. Perhaps by coincidence, the first attempts at making color motion pictures occurred about this same time. Ravels version greatly developed the impact of the music by replacing the black- and-white sounds of the piano with the blooming color of the full late-Romantic A violent social disruption that shook Europe was the outbreak of World War l. The strongest challenge to the authority of the Germans came from their enemies, the French. The earliest indications of modernism were French artists and writers, who abandoned the grandiose subjects and expressions of Romanticism. Impressionist artists wished to capture on canvas the freshness of their first impressions and were assonated with the continuous change in the appearance of their subjects through varied treatment of light and color. French composers began to ridicule the sentimentality of Romanticism and the lavish structures of German music which was said to be too pretentious and preposterous. This new music was given the name Impressionism. Claude Debussy (1862-1918) Debussy spent most of his time in the company of poets and painters. Pr ©elude leap ©s-midi dun fauna (Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun), and the symphonic poem La mere (The Sea, 1905), were the works I studied this term. The composer believed that music doesnt need to progress and evolve to be pleasing to the listener. To Debussy, color and texture might exist independent of the melody and, perhaps, overshadow it, preferring fleeting splashes of sound color rather than sweeping sinkable melodies or musical development. There are no repeating rhythms or clear-cut meters to push the Debussy music forward; instead of a melody as we know it, I hear a twisting, undulating swirl of sound. Debussy music honors the distinctive colors of instruments, especially woodwinds, to suggest vibrant moods and sensations. From Debussy forward, imposers began to think of color as an independent expressive element, capable of eliciting a strong emotional response. The technological advancements that led to the modern symphony orchestra transformed nineteenth-century music. Our reaction to the orchestra today is very different from the response of nineteenth-century listeners. Apart from the military cannon and the steam engine, the nineteenth-century orchestra produced the loudest sonic level of any human machine. The big sound?and the big contrasts were new and startling, and audiences packed ever-larger concert halls to hear them.

USS Lexington (CV-16) - World War II Aircraft Carrier

USS Lexington (CV-16) - World War II Aircraft Carrier USS Lexington (CV-16) - Overview: Nation: United States Type: Aircraft Carrier Shipyard: Fore River Shipyard - Bethlehem Steel Laid Down: July 15, 1941 Launched: September 23, 1942 Commissioned: February 17, 1943 Fate: Museum Ship, Corpus Christi, TX USS Lexington (CV-16) - Specifications Displacement: 27,100 tons Length: 872 ft. Beam: 93 ft. Draft: 28 ft., 5 in. Propulsion: 8 Ãâ€" boilers, 4 Ãâ€" Westinghouse geared steam turbines, 4 Ãâ€" shafts Speed: 33 knots Complement: 2,600 men Armament 4 Ãâ€" twin 5 inch 38 caliber guns4 Ãâ€" single 5 inch 38 caliber guns8 Ãâ€" quadruple 40 mm 56 caliber guns46 Ãâ€" single 20 mm 78 caliber guns Aircraft 110 aircraft USS Lexington (CV-16) - Design Construction: Conceived in the 1920s and early 1930s, the US Navys Lexington- and Yorktown-class aircraft carriers were designed to conform to the limitations set forth by the Washington Naval Treaty. This agreement placed restrictions on the tonnage of different types of warships as well as capped each signatorys overall tonnage. These types of restrictions were affirmed through the 1930 London Naval Treaty. As global tensions increased, Japan and Italy departed the treaty structure in 1936. With the collapse of the this system, the US Navy began designing a new, larger class of aircraft carrier and one which drew from the lessons learned from the Yorktown-class. The resulting design was wider and longer as well as included a deck-edge elevator. This had been employed earlier on USS Wasp (CV-7). In addition to carrying a larger air group, the new design possessed a greatly enhanced anti-aircraft armament. Designated the Essex-class, the lead ship, USS Essex (CV-9), was laid down in April 1941. This was followed by USS Cabot (CV-16) which was laid down on July 15, 1941 at Bethlehem Steels Fore River Ship in Quincy, MA. Over the next year, the carriers hull took shape as the US entered World War II following the attack on Pearl Harbor. On June 16, 1942, Cabots name was changed to Lexington to honor the carrier of the same name (CV-2) which had been lost the previous month at the Battle of the Coral Sea. Launched on September 23, 1942, Lexington slid into the water with Helen Roosevelt Robinson serving as sponsor. Needed for combat operations, workers pushed to complete the ship and it entered commission on February 17, 1943, with Captain Felix Stump in command. USS Lexington (CV-16) - Arriving in the Pacific: Steaming south, Lexington conducted a shakedown and training cruise in the Caribbean. During this period, it suffered a notable casualty when the F4F Wildcat flown by 1939 Heisman Trophy winner Nile Kinnick crashed off the coast of Venezuela on June 2. After returning to Boston for maintenance, Lexington departed for the Pacific. Passing through the Panama Canal, it arrived at Pearl Harbor on August 9. Moving to the war zone, the carrier conducted raids against Tarawa and Wake Island in September. Returning to the Gilberts in November, Lexingtons aircraft supported the landings on Tarawa between November 19 and 24 as well as mounted raids against Japanese bases in the Marshall Islands. Continuing to operate against the Marshalls, the carriers planes struck Kwajalein on December 4 where they sank a cargo ship and damaged two cruisers. At 11:22 PM that night, Lexington came under attack by Japanese torpedo bombers. Though taking evasive maneuvers, the carrier sustained a torpedo hit on the starboard side which disabled the ships steering. Working quickly, damage control parties contained the resulting fires and devised a temporary steering system. Withdrawing, Lexington made for Pearl Harbor before proceeding on to Bremerton, WA for repairs. It reached Puget Sound Navy Yard on December 22. In the first of several instances, the Japanese believed the carrier to have been sunk. Its frequent reappearance in combat coupled with its blue camouflage scheme earned Lexington the nickname The Blue Ghost. USS Lexington (CV-16) - Return to Combat: Fully repaired on February 20, 1944, Lexington joined Vice Admiral Marc Mitschers Fast Carrier Task Force (TF58) at Majuro in early March. Taken by Mitscher as his flagship, the carrier raided Mili Atoll before moving south to support General Douglas MacArthurs campaign in northern New Guinea. Following a raid on Truk on April 28, the Japanese again believed the carrier to have been sunk. Moving north to the Marianas, Mitschers carriers next began reducing Japanese air power in the islands prior to the landings on Saipan in June. On June 19-20, Lexington took part in the victory at the Battle of the Philippine Sea which saw American pilots win the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot in the sky while sinking a Japanese carrier and damaging several other warships. USS Lexington (CV-16) - Battle of Leyte Gulf: Later in the summer, Lexington supported the invasion of Guam before raiding the Palaus and Bonins. After striking targets in the Caroline Islands in September, the carrier commenced attacks against the Philippines in preparation for the Allied return to the archipelago. In October, Mitschers task force moved to cover MacArthurs landings on Leyte. With the beginning of the Battle of Leyte Gulf, Lexingtons aircraft aided in sinking the battleship Musashi on October 24. The next day, its pilots contributed to the destruction of the light carrier Chitose and received sole credit for sinking the fleet carrier Zuikaku. Raids later in the day saw Lexingtons planes aid in eliminating the light carrier Zuiho and the cruiser Nachi. On the afternoon of October 25, Lexington sustained a hit from a kamikaze which struck near the island. Though this structure was badly damaged, it did not severely hamper combat operations. In the course of the engagement, the carriers gunners downed another kamikaze that had targeted USS Ticonderoga (CV-14). Repaired at Ulithi after the battle, Lexington spent December and January 1945 raiding Luzon and Formosa before entering the South China Sea to strike at Indochina and Hong Kong. Hitting Formosa again in late January, Mitscher then attacked Okinawa. After replenishing at Ulithi, Lexington and its consorts moved north and commenced attacks on Japan in February. Late in the month, the carriers aircraft supported the invasion of Iwo Jima before the ship departed for an overhaul at Puget Sound. USS Lexington (CV-16) - Final Campaigns: Rejoining the fleet on May 22, Lexington formed part of Rear Admiral Thomas L. Spragues task force off Leyte. Steaming north, Sprague mounted attacks against airfields on Honshu and Hokkaido, industrial targets around Tokyo, as well as the remnants of the Japanese fleet at Kure and Yokosuka. These efforts continued until mid-August when Lexingtons final raid received orders to jettison its bombs due to the Japanese surrender. With the end of the conflict, the carriers aircraft commenced patrols over Japan before taking part in Operation Magic Carpet to return American servicemen home. With the reduction in fleet strength after the war, Lexington was decommissioned on April 23, 1947 and placed in the National Defense Reserve Fleet at Puget Sound. USS Lexington (CV-16) - Cold War Training: Redesignated as an attack carrier (CVA-16) on October 1, 1952, Lexington moved to the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard the following September. There it received both SCB-27C and SCB-125 modernizations. These saw modifications to Lexingtons island, the creation of a hurricane bow, installation of an angled flight deck, as well as a strengthening of the flight deck to handle newer jet aircraft. Recommissioned on August 15, 1955 with Captain A.S. Heyward, Jr. in command, Lexington began operations out of San Diego. The following year it commenced a deployment with the US 7th Fleet in the Far East with Yokosuka as its home port. Arriving back in San Diego in October 1957, Lexington moved through a brief overhaul at Puget Sound. In July 1958, it returned to Far East to reinforce the 7th Fleet during the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis. After further service off the coast of Asia, Lexington received orders in January 1962 to relieve USS Antietam (CV-36) as a training carrier in the Gulf of Mexico. On October 1, the carrier was redesignated as an anti-submarine warfare carrier (CVS-16) though this, and its relief of Antietam, was delayed until later in the month due to the Cuban Missile Crisis. Taking over the training role on December 29, Lexington began routine operations out of Pensacola, FL. Steaming in the Gulf of Mexico, the carrier trained new naval aviators in the art of taking off and landing at sea. Formally designated as a training carrier January 1, 1969, it spent the next twenty-two years in this role. The final Essex-class carrier still in use, Lexington was decommissioned on November 8, 1991. The following year, the carrier was donated for use as a museum ship and is currently open to the public in Corpus Christi, TX. Selected Sources DANFS: USS Lexington (CV-16)USS Lexington Museum

Finances Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Finances - Assignment Example This is where the knowledge of budgeting and finances come in as one needs to be able to figure out the needs of the hospital and prioritize them in order starting with what is needed the most going down and use this knowledge together with the budget they have been given to spend to determine the best way to utilize the money that has been handed to them What Has Been Your Exposure to Your Organization’s financial statements? Who In Your Organization Might Provide You with Your Organization’s Financial Statements? What Is This Information Used For? The amount of exposure to the organization’s financial statements has mostly occurred from the budgeting and shopping activities that are done for medical supplies when the time for replenishing the available stock arises. During this period, the hospital present us (the nurses) with the amount of money that they are able to provide for these activities and using the size of the budget, one is able to determine whether the hospital’s financial status has improved, remained the same or even dwindled since the last time such an activity took place (Paul, 2008). If a hospital has done well then the size of the budget is more likely to increase while no change in the budget may mean there is no change in their finances either and so on. There are a number of individuals that present the nurses with the financial statements of the organization who include the Program administrators and ward managers during budgeting and the chief financers when a review of the annual expend iture takes place. These statements are used to show the gains and losses that have been incurred during the year as well as budget for the next batch of medical supplies that are needed. The accounting system affects the different parts of the organization as a whole as it deals with the organization’s entire financial flow. Firstly, it will affect the speed with which

Case Study about Multisystem Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Study about Multisystem - Assignment Example Physical examination must be made in a systematic fashion from head to toe with attention to the skin. Special attention must be paid to any abnormal vital signs or evidence of toxicity (Cash, & Glass, 2011). An important aspect of the physical examination will require the patient to get naked so that a proper evaluation can be made. This is needed as patients are often unaware of a rash on their back, buttocks, soles, or perineum. During the physical examination, involvement of the mucous membranes must be examined in areas including mouth, lips, conjunctiva, anus, and vagina. General diagnostic testing must be made so as to support the diagnosis. Biopsy is done by extracting a tissue sample from the patient’s skin for examination under the microscope. The biopsy results upon diagnosis will demonstrate detachment of the epidermis from the dermis. Recommendations for Management The initial step to be done in managing this disease is to identify the probable cause of the condit ion. If the disease is caused by medicine; then the subsequent action is to discontinue any medications suspected of causing Stevens Johnson Syndrome. According to Patterson, Grammer, & Greenberger early discontinuation of the etiologic drug has been reported to improve survival in patients (Patterson, Grammer, & Greenberger, Pg. 234, 2009). All medication started within the past months should be discontinued. Patients affected by this situation require immediate hospitalization; in burn centers or intensive care units. Such patients are treated in a manner similar to that of burn patients. Treatment for Stevens Johnson Syndrome is symptomatic and supportive. Supportive... The initial step to be done in managing this disease is to identify the probable cause of the condition. If the disease is caused by medicine; then the subsequent action is to discontinue any medications suspected of causing Stevens Johnson Syndrome. According to Patterson, Grammer, & Greenberger early discontinuation of the etiologic drug has been reported to improve survival in patients. All medication started within the past months should be discontinued. Patients affected by this situation require immediate hospitalization; in burn centers or intensive care units. Such patients are treated in a manner similar to that of burn patients. Treatment for Stevens Johnson Syndrome is symptomatic and supportive. Supportive care given to the patient while he is hospitalized includes; fluid replacement, nutrition, wound care, and eye care. Special consideration must be given to airway as well as hemodynamic stability. Fluid status must also be considered in cases whereby the patient lost fl uid via affected seeping areas where the skin came off. Its management focuses on the removal of the offending agent and replacement of fluid losses. This is done by intravenous fluid repletion. Great volumes of colloids and crystalloids are important in maintenance of electrolyte balance. Care of the wound must be made.

williams essay Essay Example for Free

williams essay Essay The Poem, â€Å"Blackberries† (1992), by Yusef Komunyakaa is a retrospective look In the Day of a life experienced by the author as a seller of blackberries when he was a 10 year old child. It is told from a first persons perspective so as to pronounce the level of Intimacy to the narrative relative to the poet. In this essay, I’ll give a brief analysis of my Thoughts on the poem and its effectiveness as an artistic literature. In recounting the nostalgiac setting of summer, while working as a berry picker And seller, the author attempts paint an image of the emotional and sensual complexities laden through an average day on the streets: â€Å"Although I could smell old lime-covered History, at ten I’d still hold out my hands and berries fell into them. Eating from one and filling a half gallon with the other. â€Å" (MLM , Komunyakaa, â€Å"Blackberries† PPG 147-148) . Through his description in detailing the labor of picking berries and being challenged not to eat them, he showcases a conflict that he’s clearly been faced with, in the face of his  duty. This conflict is later alluded to, from a more lustful point of view  later in the piece. When the author posit’s his disposition even further, he goes on to say: â€Å"I ate the mythology dreamt of pies and cobbler, almost†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (MLM, Komunyakaa, â€Å"Blackberries† PPG 147- 148). It seems with this statement the author is implying that he is impoverished. When he uses the memories of his poverty as a child in his descriptions, it gives the poem a very melancholic tone; one of sympathy, even. Yet, still, in recounting these days of hardship, he still finds the nostalgia of being with his dog and among nature’s elements. : â€Å"Needful as forgiveness. My bird dog Spot. Eyed blue jays thrashers. The mud frogs in rich blackness, hid from daylight.† (MLM, Komunyakaa, â€Å"Blackberries† PPG 147-148) . To balance the conflict with a longing to be in simpler times, with a connection to the animals and nature, gives the piece a much needed lighter touch. As the poem winds down, the author spans the poem from the beginning of his days journey to a point where he recalls the lure of air conditioning in contrast to the seemingly excessive heat of the day. : â€Å"The big blue car made me sweat. Wintertime crawled out of the windows. When I leaned closer I saw the boy and girl my age, in the wide back seat smirking..† (MLM, Komunyakaa, â€Å"Blackberries† PPG.147-148) The context in him describing this observation was cynical, in my opinion. Throughout the poem the author has struck a delicate balance in expanding on moments in his life that would otherwise be forgettable to anyone else, and discovering the beauty in those very moments that made the experience worthwhile. Overall, â€Å"Blackberries†, by Yusef Komunyakaa is a short, autobiographical narrative integral to the authors experience as an impoverished boy. The poem begins as workman’s like representation of a commodity he seemed to be burdened, yet enamored by. In detailing hi profound allegorical appreciation for the fruit, he seems challenge to reconcile his desires with his duty as a laborer and a provider. Though, in recalling his memories, he writes with such a clarity and strength in his descriptions, that some unappealing moments, were beautiful in their nobility.

case management functions :: essays research papers

1. to assess the individual's ability to meet environmental challenges 2. to assess the caring capacity of the individual's family and primary group 3. to assess resources within the formal system of care 4. to enable individuals to use their personal resources in meeting environmental changes and challenges. 5. to facilitate effective negotiation by individuals for resources from families or primary groups and formal service providers. 6. to facilitate effective interchanges between families or primary groups and the formal system of care. 7. to evaluate the ongoing needs of the individual 8. to evaluate the extent to which the individual is adequately by both the family or primary group and the formal system of care. 9. to evaluate the extent to which the efforts of the family or primary group are integrated with those of the formal care system. The case worker must first understand the individual's circumstances, needs and challenges and determine their strengths and weaknesses in order to know the what goals can or cannot be made. The case worker must find out if there are any family members beside the individual that can help in the case of the individual or whether, some need to be helped as well. It is now the duty of the case worker to determine what resources within the organization can offer the most beneficial assistance. The job of the case worker, not only provides temporary or long term assistance to clients, but helps to inspire and teach individuals how to make change and help themselves. Case workers often have networks across the human services span, in which they refer client's to for additional or the right assistance. They can also determine if a possible family member may be able to help the individual in need of help under certain circumstances.

Introduction to Modernism in an Architectural Context

Introduction to ModernismModernism Architecture is a manner of architecture that emerged around the clip of the Second World War in many western states. The roots of Modernists can be traced back to a Russian designer by the name of Berthold Lubetkind ( 1901-1990 ) and his architecture pattern TECTON. Specifying Modernism, nevertheless, may look as an unlikely undertaking. This is because as a manner, it lacks clear boundaries and is by and large less coherent. Besides that, it besides incorporates a big assortment of gustatory sensations, design manners and esthesias. Due to this fact, many critics would reason that modernism is non a remarkable manner and many interior decorators say that they follow no â€Å"style† . A clear illustration of this is Frank Lloyd Wright. The celebrated designer objected to be placed in the same group as modernist. However, without him, modernist architecture would ne'er hold been the same.Features of modernismThe first and most obvious of mode rnism architecture’s features is that the design of the edifice is inspired by map. â€Å"Form follows Function† was said by Frank Lloyd Wright’s wise man, Louis Sullivan. Sullivan expressed that in his sentiment, functionalism was the riddance of decorations so the edifice could show its functionality and this functionality would order the signifier of the edifice. Besides that, Modernism architecture promoted simpleness in design or as the expression goes, â€Å"Less is more† . This phrase was coined by the German-american designer Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. As we can infer from the stating, modern architecture typically enjoys clutter-free designs and is missing of unneeded elements. Parameters of the design are determined early in the design stage and merely needed characteristics are included into the edifice. This causes the focal point to switch from the decor or inside informations of the edifice to the infinite itself. Buildings, particularly places, will be clean, functional, and simple. The following feature we notice when analyzing modernism architecture that instead than hiding the nature of their edifices, modernists prefer to expose the interior workings and the true nature of their designs. Alternatively of painting or covering up, the stuffs of the edifice is exposed and bare. Nothing is hidden or modified. This includes structural elements like columns and beams are shown. This gives birth to the impression of â€Å"Truth† in a place where all stuffs and elements are exposed. On that topic, Modernists besides prefer adult male made stuffs. For illustration, concrete, steel, and glass. Another thing that can be said about modernism is that interior decorators that pattern modernism love lines. This can be seen rather obviously in modern designs where one can easy happen strong, bold, additive elements every bit good as perpendicular and horizontal characteristics. When planing as infinite, modern designers will to the full use the columns, beams, Windowss, floors and etc. to farther heighten the creative activity of a additive infinite. It is rare to see curving, organic lines in modernism though non impossible. . Besides, as a mark of rejection of historic precedency, it is highly rare to see a modern house with a triangular or pitched roof. Modern designers prefer to force the envelope with horizontal, bold, level roofs. For illustration, edifices can hold multiple roof degrees at different highs. This provides the edifice with a alone silhouette and adds complexity/sophistication to the design. An mixture of lines, domed ceilings, overhangs and unusual additive elements are all arms in a modern architect’s armory to make a more alone statement. This leads to the rule that the edifice is more than merely a construction but an artistic and sculptural statement. â€Å"Architecture is frozen music† –Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. In add-on to the points above, another characteristic that we have in modernism architecture is the presence of an copiousness of natural visible radiation from Windowss. Modern places frequently feature floor to ceiling Windowss, window walls and skiding doors. Occasionally, clearstory Windowss are besides seen in modernist design. These are Windowss that are located high in the walls to let visible radiation to come in while continuing privateness Next, attending should be paid to the agreement of the interior walls of modernism edifices. Modern designers are post-and-beam designers. They prefer utilizing indirect division of infinites like sunken or raised countries as opposed to walls. Even in the state of affairs where walls are built, they are likely to be non-loading walls and function to merely split the infinites. Either that or they will be â€Å"pony† walls. These are walls that don’t make the ceiling therefore leting the suites to portion airing and visible radiation. Because of this, modern edifices tend to hold more unfastened programs when compared to programs from other manners. The concluding features that we shall analyze is the revamping of out-of-door infinites by modernists. Modernism blurs the boundary between interior and exterior infinites with big Windowss. Besides that, multiple suites can open onto a terrace or an atrium to widen square footage. Besides, modernists attempt to integrate the topography of the land into their designs ( Internet Explorer. Fallingwater ) . This is similar to Frank Lloyd Wright’s belief that a edifice should be â€Å"one with the land† and non merely applied on top of it.Celebrated designers in modernismIn this portion, we shall present a few of the more celebrated designers of the modernism manner and some of their plants.Frank lloyd WrightName: Frank Lloyd Wright Born: 08-06-1867 Location: Wisconsin, USA Education: University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1886 Frank Lloyd Wright ( bornFrank Lincoln Wright, June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959 ) was an American designer, interior interior decorator, author, and pedagogue, who designed more than 1,000 constructions and completed 532. Wright believed in planing constructions that were in harmoniousness with humanity and its environment, a doctrine he calledorganic architecture. This doctrine was best exemplified by Fallingwater ( 1935 ) , which has been called â€Å" the best all-time work of American architecture † Selected Plants: Fallingwater, Pennsylvania, 1935 FallingwaterorKaufmann Residenceis a house designed by architectFrank Lloyd Wrightin 1935 in ruralsouthwestern Pennsylvania, 43 stat mis ( 69km ) sou'-east ofPittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The place was built partially over a waterfall onBear Runin the Mill Run subdivision ofStewart Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, in theLaurel Highlandsof theAllegheny Mountains.paradoxical sleep koolhaasName: Remment Lucas â€Å"Rem† Koolhaas Born: 17-11-1944 Location: Rotterdam, Netherlands Education: Architecture Association London, 1972 Rem Koolhaas is a Dutch designer, architectural theoretician, urbanist and professor. Selected Plants: Netherlands Dance Theater, the Hague, 1988 The Netherlands dance Theater was completed in 1987 and was originally conceived in 1980. It is a Dutch Contemporary Dance Company. Nexus Housing, Fukuoka Japan, 1991 This undertaking is a sum of 24 houses in the kasha District of Fukuoka, each three narratives high. Each house has a private perpendicular courtyard that allow visible radiation and extra infinite.Im PeiName: Ieoh Ming Pei Born: 26-04-1917 Location: Canton, China Education: B. Arch. Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) , 1940 M. Arch. Harvard Grad School of Design, 1946 I.M. Pei is known for utilizing big, abstract signifiers and crisp, geometric designs. His glass-clad constructions seem to spring from the high tech modernist motion. Pei is popularly known for planing theRock and Roll Hall of Famein Ohio. However, Pei is more concerned with map than theory. His plants frequently incorporate traditional Chinese symbols and edifice traditions. Selected Plants: The Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Ithaca, New York, 1973 TheHerbert F. Johnson Museum of Art ( â€Å" The Johnson Museum † ) is anart museumlocated on the northwest corner of theArts Quad on the chief campus ofCornell University. The Johnson Museum has one of the finest aggregations of art in New York State and is recognized as one of the most of import university museums in the state. Dallas City Hall, Texas, 1977 Dallas City Hallis the place of Dallas municipal authorities, located at 1500 Marilla in theGovernment Districtofdowntown Dallas, Texas ( USA ) . The current edifice, the metropolis ‘s 5th metropolis hall, was completed in 1978 and replaced theDallas Municipal Building.mies van der roheName: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Born: 27-03-1886 Location: Aachen, Germany Education: Worked in the office of Bruno Paul ( Berlin ) Worked 4 old ages in the studio of Peter Behrens Believing thatless is more, Mies van der Rohe designed rational, minimalist skyscrapers that set the criterion for modernist design. Selected Plants: Farnsworth House, Plano, Illinois, 1950 It is a one-room weekend retreat in a once-rural scene, located 55 stat mis ( 89km ) sou'-west ofChicago ‘s business district on a 60-acre ( 24ha ) estate site, bordering the Fox River, South of the metropolis ofPlano, Illinois.decisionBased on the points, presented in the study above, we can pull our ain decisions on the pros and cons of Modernists architecture and how it has affected history. The Modernism Architecture manner has risen and fallen but hasn’t wholly left our society. Even till this twenty-four hours, we can still see the influence of the modernist design on our modern-day architecture. To wrap up this study, we leave you with a quotation mark from William Morris to sum up what we have learned from Modernism. â€Å"Have nil in your house that you know non to be utile or believe to be beautiful.† Thank you.

Learning Team Internal and External Factors Paper Essay

Amongst today’s societies The McDonalds Corporations is considered one of many; that has successfully in so many ways used a combination of various marketing strategies and skills to become a globally known successful origination. McDonalds a global business in most countries around the world can also face a lot of challenges and issues. The McDonalds Corporations has learned and brought about changes according to the needs of its consumers per hour and should always remain flexible to changes within the environment that deals with current customer trends, government and or legal restrictions, and the development of technology. The McDonalds Corporations technology structural and also its financial assets of the company are perfect marketing positions. McDonalds without a doubt is completely abundant with many aspects in structure, finance and of course technology. To help, identify and implement majority of these assets within the proper directions towards the improvement of the corporations would be all that is needed. The McDonalds Corporations overall is producing their main product, creating items within their own kitchen, and cooking on their own grills. This means the use of equipment, certain control devices, the regulation of temperature, the business point-of sales system, inventory process, financial and communication information are all linked into different technology that impacts the corporation. Now with public awareness of technology and cultures more people are starting to become a little more health conscious, and have access to finding out about certain quality ingredients, and knowing the lack of minerals that may have an overall negative impact on what all fast foods have done to those who consume them. Along with maximizing knowledge on internal and external factors this will have a large impact on the four major function of management within a corporation. The McDonalds Corporations has goals that are reflected in its mission statement to become for some customers a favorite place to eat. There are several internal and external factor’s McDonald’s faces in the decision they made to go Global. External f actors  for the decision to go Global include the following. 1.)The growing heath trends of consumers 2.)The ability to expand into new markets such as India and China 3.)The diversification and purchase of other fast food restaurants 4.)The global growth of the fast food industry 5.)Worldwide deregulation (Salem, Abdullah, 2009) These external factors impacted the four functions of management for McDonald’s managers, by forcing management to adjust the planning function and information to include a mission that was based on a global demand and competition. The organizing function of management with in McDonalds was also affected by the decision to go global. Management now has to organize information, people, and financial resources crossed countries and cultures to achieve one common goal. The function a leading for a management changed also. Now, styles and type of leading and motiving had to be localized and customized around the culture rather than one specialized way of doing things. Controlling or measuring achievements in with in the global industry also changed as franchisees are now faced with measuring success based on others in different markets. Internal factors also played a part in McDonald’s decision to go global and those factors have also affected the four functions of manageme nt for their managers. Some internal factors include: 1.)The desire for a strong brand name, image, and reputation 2.)A large market share 3.)The desire for a global presence 4.)A stronger financial performance and position 5.)Introduction of new products 6.)Customer focus (Salem, Abdullah, 2009) These internal factors also had an effect on the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling functions of management within McDonald’s. Competing in a Global market makes managers think, act, gather and process information on a larger scale to achieve a goal. Diversity The evolution of McDonald’s Corporation toward diversity as a business objective began in the late 1970’s, when the corporation officially  established an Affirmative Action Department, which today is known as the Diversity Initiative Department (Anonymous, 2005). Numerous factors can affect the four major functions of management; this section will focus on how diversity can affect planning, organizing, leading and controlling within the McDonalds Corporation. Diversity in the workplace is more than a person’s race or ethnic background it also includes personality, gender, education, position in the organization, etc. The major obstacle for McDonald’s management continues to be age, gender, ethnic background and education. Diversity management involves a three-stage process: (Tetteh, 2014) †¢Identification Stage †¢Implementation Stage †¢Maintenance Stage McDonald’s management must identify where the diversity mixture is and decided on the appropriate action to ensure workplace harmony and productivity. This will be accomplished through proper training and communication with all employees. Learning to effectively communicate with the various groups within each location will be very important to the success of the team within each restaurant. Implementing effective processes that ensure each diverse group is accommodated is crucial to the process. McDonalds as a corporation does a great job helping and engaging their management and employee’s to ensure proper implementation by offering education and career development seminars, various gender based seminars, second language courses etc. Maintain and improving these processes will ensure that McDonald’s stays current and relevant to the groups each manager has identified within their department. McDonald’s continually re-evaluates its initiatives to ensure they are in line with their business and current employee base. McDonalds ensures diversity is properly managed within their organization by including diversity in the business planning process. This allows the company and its managers to treat diversity as an initiative rather than a program; it’s naturally incorporated into the business plan (Anonymous, 2005). Ethics When it comes the Functions of Management, you must condsider which parts may be corrupted by ethical issues. Two areas that maybe prone to be affected  are the Leading and Organizing Funtions. In building a dynamic organization you must find a diverse group of people, with different ethical baskgrouds, to fill the different postions in it. You would also want to get them up to speed with you organizations ethical views. If you take a company like McDonald’s you can find out what they do to ensure this. Now McDonald’s is committed to conducting business ethically and in compliance with the letter and spirit of the law. This commitment is reflected in McDonald’s Values. Inherent in each value is our commitment to be ethical, truthful and dependable and this is reflected through their Standards of Business Conduct, which serves as a guide to making good decisions and conducting business ethically. Each year McDonald’s employees are required to re-certify that they have read and will abide by the standards that McDonalds has set through the Standards of Business Conduct. Employees complete regular training on the Standards, anti-bribery laws, and various other laws, regulations and company-specific policies. McDonald’s and its employees in all countries must comply with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (â€Å"McDonalds: Standards Of Business Conduct For Employees†, n.d.). References Salem, F., Abdullah, M., (2009) McDonalds case study. http://www.scribd.com/doc/16050821/McDonalds-Case-Study McDonalds: Standards of Business Conduct for Employees. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/investors/corporate_governance/codes_of_conduct/standards_of_business_conduct.html Bateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2011). Management: Leading & collaborating in a competitive world (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Anonymous, . (2005, November). Diversity at McDonald’s: A way of life. Nation’s Restaurant News, 1(), 92, 94-95 Tetteh, Vanessa A. (2014, January 1). Diversity in the Workplace. Research Starters, p. 1.

NEED FOR EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT TO ORGANISATIONAL GROWTH Essay Example

NEED FOR EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT TO ORGANISATIONAL GROWTH Essay Example NEED FOR EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT TO ORGANISATIONAL GROWTH Essay NEED FOR EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT TO ORGANISATIONAL GROWTH Essay Introduction Performance direction is one of the cardinal patterns of people direction in administrations. In their 1998 book Performance Management: The new worlds, Armstrong and Baron defined public presentation direction as: a procedure which contributes to the effectual direction of persons and squads in order to accomplish high degrees of organizational public presentation. As such, it establishes shared understanding about what is to be achieved and an attack to taking and developing people which will guarantee that it is achieved. aˆÂ ¦A scheme which relates to every activity of the administration set in the context of its human resource policies, civilization, and manner and communications systems. The nature of the scheme depends on the organizational context and can change from administration to administration. In other words, public presentation direction should be: aˆ? Effective it should guarantee people have the cognition and ability to execute. aˆ? Strategic it is about broader issues and longer-term ends. aˆ? Integrated it should associate assorted facets of the concern, people direction, and persons and squads. Performance direction has been around in the linguistic communication of HR and people direction since the 1980s and its development as a cardinal people direction tool can assist us understand its part and placement in relation to other cardinal HR activities. Through several manifestations from direction by aims to public presentation reappraisal, public presentation direction has been the chief vehicle by which directors communicate what is required from employees and give feedback on how good they are accomplishing occupation ends. Several researches and studies have tracked the development of public presentation direction since the early 1990s. The first study on public presentation direction in 1991 ( Bevan and Thompson 1991 ) found a great trade of confusion around what the term public presentation direction really meant, with many practicians replacing it for the tools of public presentation direction, such as public presentation assessment or performance-related wage. The subsequent study ( Armstrong and Baron 1997 ) found that there was by and large consensus that the term encompassed a scope of activities to pull off single public presentation. In 2005 another work by Armstrong and Baron provide grounds for public presentation direction as a vehicle to incorporate a figure of activities focused on single part, such as calling planning, talent direction and acquisition and development. Over the old ages the grounds has tended to propose that the procedure of public presentation direction is less of import than its placement, execution and aims. Therefore, in this study the focal point is less on the procedure which has tended to loosely digest over the old ages as a mixture of objective-setting, reappraisal and development and more on the strategic purpose of public presentation direction and its demand or function in driving sustainable administration public presentation which is a critical demand to organizational growing in a modern administration system. It first discusses the consequences adopted from an on-line study assemblage sentiments and information on the procedure and usage of public presentation direction. Subsequently the issues raised by the study responses were discussed with many practicians as found out in the information gathered ; these treatments are summarised below Purposes The chief purpose of the survey is to look into the importance of effectual employee public presentation direction to organizational growing. In stead with this, it is necessary to: Determine the integrating of effectual public presentation direction to organisational growing Determine the extent to which quality public presentation direction stands out for administration s growing. Aim The aims of the survey were to measure the extent to which the followers are deciding factors for quality public presentation direction ; Performance assessment Objective-setting Regular feedback Regular reappraisals and appraisals of development demands THE ORGANISATIONAL CONTEXT This topic has attracted all administrations in the field of drama ; the involvement in this perennial subject has non dimmed over the old ages. The demand for up-to-date information has really intensified with the economic downswing, with HR practicians endeavoring to guarantee they are measuring public presentation against just and relevant steps and that they are concentrating attempt on the things that truly matter for the concern. Interest in the subject stems from practicians endeavoring to maintain their procedures up to day of the month and guaranting they are compatible with the demands of a altering strain of line director, every bit good as the demand to streamline paper-based systems or enable entree through on-line media. However, more senior HR strategians are besides concerned to guarantee that public presentation direction delivers in an environment where the development of capacity and impact on trade name and invention are the paths to concern success. Harmonizing to Philbeam and Corbridge ( 2002 ) , the direction of public presentation is a holistic procedure which encompasses a figure of activities as follows ; Specifying organizational purposes ; Development of single and team aims ; Using effectual measuring and assessment systems ; Using reward systems that provide inducements ; Supporting persons to develop and get the accomplishments needed to lend to the full to organizational success ; Pull offing single underperformance and absence. This statement justifies the degree of part and importance of public presentation direction in constructing a formidable work force that can impel administration growing. KEY FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY There is a surprising grade of understanding that public presentation assessment, objective-setting, regular feedback, regular reappraisals and appraisals of development demands are the basiss of public presentation direction. Respondents were asked what activities they understand to be included under the streamer of public presentation direction. Over 90 % say they think that regular reappraisal meetings should be included, 85 % objective-setting, 83 % regular feedback to persons, 80 % public presentation assessments and 75 % appraisal of development demands. The figures for respondents sentiments on what activities jointly depict public presentation direction are found in Figure 1. Figure 1: What do you understand by the term public presentation direction? There is besides strong grounds that practicians are utilizing public presentation direction to encompass a scope of activities: 60 % of respondents think that more than five activities should be included in public presentation direction and 18 % think it should include more than eight. However, when this is compared with what respondents really do under the pretense of public presentation direction, the image shifts a small. Merely 62 % really carry out regular reappraisal meetings to measure advancement against marks and 75 % set aims or marks. The figure for those really transporting out public presentation assessment at 80 % is really near to the 82 % who feel this should be included in activities to pull off public presentation. The full image of the activities that respondents are really engaged in under the streamer of public presentation direction can be found in Figure 2. Figure 2: What really happens under the header public presentation direction? Again, somewhat fewer activities are really used to pull off public presentation than the figure respondents think ought to be included: 62 % really use more than five activities to pull off public presentation and merely 23 % usage more than eight. Who benefits from public presentation direction? Respondents were asked who they think benefits the most from public presentation direction. A dislocation of their responses can be found in Figure 3. An overpowering 44 % of respondents think that persons are the primary donees of public presentation direction. However, merely 20 % think that public presentation direction has a positive impact on single public presentation, with the bulk ( 59 % ) staying impersonal on that topic and 21 % disagreeing that public presentation direction has a positive impact on single public presentation. However, 30 % agree that public presentation direction would assist persons understand what they should be making and how they ought to be making it. Merely 19 % of respondents think that line directors benefit most from public presentation direction. Yet 23 % agree that public presentation direction would assist line directors to pull off people better. Thirty-seven per cent disagrees that public presentation direction would assist line directors to develop the capableness to pull off people better. Figure 3: Who chiefly benefits from public presentation direction? What does public presentation direction achieve? The full extent to which respondents agree or disagree with a figure of common premises and statements made about public presentation direction can be found in Table 1. Table1: Performance direction premises Strongly agree Agree Neither agrees nor disagrees. Disagree Strongly differ Performance direction has a positive impact on single public presentation 2 % 18 % 59 % 15 % 6 % Performance direction has a positive impact on organizational public presentation. 4 % 17 % 56 % 16 % 7 % Performance direction enables persons to better understand what they should be making and how to make it 4 % 26 % 57 % 9 % 4 % Performance direction helps line directors to pull off people better 3 % 20 % 52 % 16 % 9 % Performance direction helps better line directors capablenesss to pull off people efficaciously 4 % 4 % 45 % 23 % 14 % Performance direction can assist persons develop their accomplishments and calling options 4 % 16 % 61 % 14 % 5 % Performance direction can impact on employee wellbeing. 4 % 13 % 55 % 21 % 7 % Performance direction can assist people understand the administration s strategic precedences. 4 % 17 % 54 % 17 % 8 % Performance direction can assist persons understand how their behavior and actions affect the accomplishment of the administration s strategic precedences. 4 % 18 % 52 % 18 % 8 % There is a surprising sum of dissension about what public presentation direction is capable of accomplishing. The highest degree of understanding seems to be around the averment that public presentation direction enables persons to understand what they ought to be making. Thirty per cent of respondents agree with this statement, but still a ample 13 % disagree and 57 % neither agree nor disagree. Merely 17 % agree that public presentation direction might hold an impact on wellbeing and 26 % disagree. Twenty-three per cent agree that public presentation direction helps line directors to pull off people better and 25 % disagree. Potentially even more controversial is that although 20 % agree that public presentation direction has a positive impact on single public presentation, 21 % disagree. What other HR procedures should associate to public presentation direction? Respondents were asked to depict what other HR procedures ought to associate to public presentation direction. The responses are detailed in Figure 4 ; acquisition and development tops the list, with 85 % of respondents stating this should be linked. Career development, coaching and mentoring and sequence planning follow rapidly behind, with talent direction cited by 65 % of respondents. Once once more the demand to aline public presentation direction with a scope of activities is recognised. The bulk, 69 % of respondents, advocate that it should be linked into at least four other HR procedures and 57 % suggest that it should associate to at least five. Figure 4: What other HR procedures should be linked to public presentation direction Evaluation OF PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT Finally, respondents were asked how public presentation direction should be evaluated and what success standards are used. Not surprisingly, single public presentation and organizational public presentation comes top, with 89 % and 88 % severally mentioning this as the main step of the success of public presentation direction. However, a wide scope of steps is besides suggested, with occupation satisfaction advocated as a step by 76 % and direction behavior by 58 % . Merely 1 % think it is excessively difficult to measure it at all! The full dislocation of responses can be found in Figure 5. Figure 5: Evaluation of public presentation direction PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT IN PRACTICE Three things become instantly evident from the consequences of the study. The first is that the initial premise around the procedure of public presentation direction was right and the existent tools still remain changeless. Indeed, assessment, objective-setting and reappraisal and development still exceed the list of activities most normally carried out under the streamer of public presentation direction this brand public presentation direction a focal point to find the hereafter of the administration in footings of growing. The 2nd is that the tendency of incorporating public presentation direction more steadfastly with other HR processes to pull off endowment, develop possible, plan callings or support persons through coaching or mentoring has continued this excessively cultivates the general administration public presentation in footings of it public presentation hence its growing. This is a tendency that can be traced from the early 1990s, where several researches found public presentation direction to be a reasonably distinct activity mostly dwelling of an assessment procedure through its development into a tool closely incorporate with wage decision-making and development planning for turning administrations. This study clearly demonstrates the integrating of public presentation direction with a scope of other patterns associated with single wellbeing, battle and development of possible and how all these are linked with the public presentation of the administration in footings of growing. For illus tration, 34 % of respondents advocate associating public presentation direction to programmes to pull off well-being and 80 % advocator associating it to training or mentoring ( see Figure 5 ) . The 3rd and possibly most of import issue the research identified is the evident being of a important spread between what people think is the intent and capableness of public presentation direction and what they really believe it is presently accomplishing in footings of impeling the growing of administrations. This issue was hence explored farther with a scope of practicians through the telephone interviews. Past instance survey based research has besides and clearly demonstrated that it is the application instead than the procedure itself that makes the difference in footings of public presentation direction. The procedure may stay the same but the ethos and value system within which it is implemented can do a important difference and find whether public presentation direction is merely a mechanistic informations aggregation exercising to find development scheme for growing of administration or pay allotment. The interviews with practicians, hence, focused on the execution and place and function of public presentation direction instead than the procedures involved. All of the practicians interviewed are working in administrations with a comparatively mature experience of public presentation direction and all of them have made at least some alterations to their procedure over the last five old ages, with some shiping upon a complete redesign of the pattern in order to convey in dynamism for growing in administration. They confirm the premise that while the procedures associated with public presentation direction have remained comparatively stable, the placement, civilization in which it is implemented and purpose have changed significantly with focal point on how the procedure can convey in alteration in footings of growth.. More than one interviewee commented that while they had merely tinkered with the procedure over the old ages, they had wholly redefined the intent to reflect altering values, demands and attempts to drive a public presentation civilization for a better new face of the administration. For illustration, John McCann of the Nat ional Audit Office holds the position that: aˆÂ ¦we can amend facets of the procedure to do it easier for staff to useaˆÂ ¦but at the terminal of the twenty-four hours it s non about the procedure, it s about discoursing public presentation, keeping people to account and supplying feedback every bit good as giving congratulations for a occupation good done. When you look at this statement it depicts the whole thought buttocks is how we can better public presentation of single employee hence for the public presentation of the administration for growing. Alliance with the aims The general sentiment of most of the interviewees is that public presentation direction is most utile when it aligns single aims with concern ends and helps persons to understand the part they are doing and how their function fits into overall strategic concern aims and be cognizant of their administration devising advancement. So, for illustration, Angela Williams from Land Securities told the CIPD research: Ultimately there is no point making public presentation direction if it does non present the concern aims and its mission. It should enable you to take action at the single degree if people are drawing in the right directionaˆÂ ¦everyone whatever degree they are knows where their personal KPIs tantrum. However, this does non intend that public presentation direction is viewed merely as a vehicle for cascading aims. Most besides feel that it is about guaranting people know how and why aims need to be achieved every bit good as what they should be, their function as employees and the function of employee public presentation direction in administration growing. Steve Jones from Novartis told the CIPD research that: aˆÂ ¦look at values and behaviors, non merely what gets done but how we do it. But we put somewhat more of a weighting on aims than values and behaviors. These interviewees think that by acquiring greater lucidity of function and aims through public presentation direction, there is an chance to enable people to acquire a better apprehension of what truly good public presentation expressions like and so assist them understand their function in administration growing, and what actions they need to take to accomplish this. Tony Voller from IHG told CIPD research that: Performance direction ought to be about alining people s attempts to present what the company needs for growthaˆÂ ¦making certain people are clear about how they deliver the aims of their occupation. It should besides assist people execute of their best by assisting them understand what great public presentation expressions like and how far they are from it to assist their female parent administration growaˆÂ ¦a procedure which encourages people to travel and be successful! Decision The study respondents and interviewees who contributed confirm that public presentation direction is an digesting tool that has a polar function to play in the direction of people and general betterment in public presentation by an administration. There is strong understanding that its intent is mostly defined by its function in alining single attempt and aims of the administration with concern consequences and supplying a clear line of sight of precedences throughout the administration. It is besides a powerful tool for communicating, peculiarly to regulate the communicating between directors and employees which is besides one of the cardinal factors of the administration growing. The line director function is important in the bringing of public presentation direction and it is clear that successful public presentation direction will decidedly impact on the growing of the administration. There is besides a clear thrust towards better rating and apprehension of the impact of public presentation direction on both single and organizational public presentation and strong integrating with other schemes to pull off endowment, wage, battle and callings which are all ingredients for administration growing. The work demonstrates that public presentation direction does impact on public presentation at all degrees whereby where it is successfully implemented the consequences will greatly impact on the administration growing positively. And where it is non implemented good will besides impact on the administration negatively. Performance direction provides a critical foundation for organisations to pull off their concerns and empower persons to do the right determinations to maximise profitableness which can in-turn be converted into growing. Capturing cognition and information across the organisation can construct long term value for stakeholders therefore pulling more investing into the administration hence the growing of the administration. This is now possible by using public presentation direction rules to engineering investings. Now, as neer before, concerns have the ability to implement public presentation direction to transform full organisations with a focal point to accomplish ends, viing favorably in the market and retaining and edifice repute. And now, as neer before, the force per unit area is on concerns to guarantee they manage the public presentation of their employee if they are to stay in concern. WAY FORWARD/RECOMMENDATIONS Successful public presentation direction frequently involves interaction between several persons who must work as a squad. A critical characteristic of squads is that persons must organize their determinations and activities by sharing information and resources to achieve shared ends that will travel the administration frontward. Clearly, attempts to better squad public presentation for the growing of the administration must concentrate attending on the public presentation of persons and so the whole administration. However, persons are dependent on other squad members to supply information and for coordination of administration activities. Those behaviors of members that engender a sharing of information and a coordination of activities throughout the administration are jointly called teamwork. A conceptual model for developing teamwork, measures that can be used to guarantee effectual person and squad public presentation for the administration. Over the past several decennaries, mu ch research has been devoted to the probe of squad preparation and public presentation ( Guzzo A ; Salas 1995 ) . Despite the copiousness of squad research, few attempts have been devoted to look intoing the constituents of teamwork, and in peculiar, to developing steps of those constituents and how they can impact on administration in footings of their betterment. With few exclusions, the research has studied the influence of undertaking, single, and squad features on squad public presentation ( Guzzo A ; Salas 1995 ) . A Teamwork constituents and their steps are needed to explicate the mechanisms by which the input variables can find squad public presentation and administration growth.A Communication involves the active exchange of information between two or more members of the squad, every bit good as an single squad member supplying information to others in the appropriate mode in this manner there is a flow of coordination in the whole administration. In general, communicating is a mechanism that links the other constituents of teamwork, public presentation direction will be even more effectual where communicating is a cardinal constituent used in administration or any workplace.. For illustration, communicating is the of import nexus between supervising other members public presentation and supplying feedback about that public presentation ( Guzzo A ; Salas 1995 ) . A A 2nd critical constituent of teamwork is team orientation. This includes the nature of the attitudes that team members have t oward one another, the squad undertaking, and their squad leading and how they look at employee public presentation direction, whether they embrace it. It besides includes self-awareness as squad member, group and general administration coherence. Team leading is another critical constituent of teamwork, how the leading involve their subsidiaries. This includes the way and construction provided by formal leaders every bit good as by other members within the administration structures. Team leading implies that planning and forming activities have enabled members to react as a map of the behaviors of others ( Brannick, Prince, A ; Salas 1997 ) . Monitoring squad public presentation is a important constituent of teamwork hence general administration public presentation and to prove the administration s ability to germinate to another degree of growth.A This constituent refers to the observation and consciousness of activities and public presentation direction procedure of other squad members. Monitoring implies that team members are competent in their single undertakings and have a substantial apprehension of the undertakings of other members and are in place of taking the administration to another degree. In summary a successful employee public presentation direction requires an environment of teamwork with members who have positive attitudes toward the squad and its undertaking, have been provided equal way and support for carry throughing squad ends, and knows their ain undertakings and those of other members with whom they interact ( Brannick, Prince, A ; Salas 1997 ) . And therefore Forth know the ends and mission of the administration. In the execution of public presentation procedure the squad and single public presentation is needed so that it can be accessed together with the criterions of best performance.A In undergoing public presentation assessments single and group public presentation needs to be checked to find the things that caused hapless public presentation corrections will so be called for and the administration gets back to its normal progress root of growing.