Cincinnati Water Air Pollution Plan Essays

Cincinnati Water Air Pollution Plan Essays Cincinnati Water Air Pollution Plan Paper Cincinnati Water Air Pollution Plan Paper Exposition Topic: Air contamination Water contamination Fundamentally, it tends to be characterized as the nearness of synthetic compounds in the air in burnings sufficiently high to influence atmosphere and mischief life forms and materials (Miller, 2005). The air contamination in Cincinnati is photochemical exhaust cloud, which is additionally called earthy colored air brown haze. Photochemical brown haze is a blend of air poisons shaped by the response of nitrogen oxides and unpredictable natural hydrocarbons (VOCE) affected by daylight (Miller, 2005). There are a few components adding to the photochemical brown haze over Cincinnati. Vehicle fumes, industry, coal-consuming, gas-controlled garden hardware, paints and pontoons on the Ohio River are a portion of the significant patrons with AR fumes contributing 44% alone. Oak trees in the encompassing slopes emanate significant levels of Voss which are fixings in the improvement of the exhaust cloud. Photochemical exhaust cloud has numerous unsafe impacts to human wellbeing and the strength of other living beings yet it additionally expands the pace Of demolition Of structures, metals and rubbers. Water contamination in Cincinnati is similarly as hurtful. The Ohio River positions number three on the rundown of the most dirtied waters in the United States. One of the poison sources is from Mill Creek which runs close to Cincinnati and is exceptionally industrialized. Squanders and poisons from production lines and plants are dumped into Mill Creek debasing the water which at that point streams into the as of now exceptionally dirtied Ohio River, which is likewise contaminated from industry, horticulture and canal boats conveying coal, oil, squanders and synthetic compounds. There are some normally happening counteraction techniques like downpour, snow wind and cooler temperatures however these by themselves can't end the extreme air and water contamination in Cincinnati and its encompassing towns. Human mediation is required and it is required at this point. City, state and government programs should be established to discover and implement arrangements. To tidy up the air in Cincinnati transportation arranging and changes should be executed. New travel administrations, park-and rides and bike ways alongside instruction would help lower emanations from vehicle exhaust. Utilizing incorporeal as a fuel source in production lines rather then consuming coal would bring down outflows as would subsidizing more transports to be changed from consuming old fuel sources to utilizing an elective fuel like immaterial. Specifically supplanting the enormous measure of oak tress in the encompassing slopes with trees that emanate lower levels of Voss would likewise help with lessening the photochemical brown haze over Cincinnati. Changing manufacturing plants and organizations to elective vitality sources, for example, sun based, would help with air quality however these expenses would be extremely high and hard to implement. We have alternatives to tidy up the water in Cincinnati moreover. The first is to tidy up the air. Poisons from the air are moved to the ground and to the conduits by downpour, day off breezes. By decreasing air poisons the initial step is taken in lessening water contamination. Processing plants and plants that will discover substitutes to the poisonous synthetic compounds they use can diminish the destructive impacts to the water and air. Source decrease and reusing inside the manufacturing plants and terrains would extraordinarily red prompt the squanders going into the conduits. Reusing the waste water that has been treated for flooding yields would shield the losses from being dumped legitimately into Mill Creek and the Ohio River. The most savvy and attainable answers for lessen air and water contamination Start with training and network inclusion. TO lessen air contamination vehicle exhaust discharges must be significantly decreased. Giving progressively open vehicle vehicles utilizing immaterial and showing the residents of Cincinnati the advantages of open transportation alongside supplanting oak Reese in the encompassing slopes with trees that produce lower levels of Voss air contamination can be diminished extraordinarily. Parking structures and parking areas can be evacuated as a methods for empowering open transportation and supplanted with parks that have living beings and plants that help the environment and air quality. The best methods for reestablishing water quality to Mill Creek is avoidance of waste through source decrease. This would likewise be the most savvy technique. Organization frosts defining zero waste objectives by reusing and reusing would help with forestalling these squanders that are washed into the conduits and purpose operational costs progressively productive too. By making contamination counteraction as significant as security guidelines and quality control guidelines for organizations these objectives could be effectively achieved. Cincinnati, Ohio and Evansville, Indiana share comparable water contamination issues as the Ohio River goes through the two territories. The poisons from squander dumping in Cincinnati are washed down to the Evansville where soil disintegration adds to the contamination. By following the techniques of lessening squanders in Cincinnati and forestalling soil disintegration through low effect advancement and savvy development in Evansville the two networks can start decreasing contamination along the Ohio River and set a model for different networks to do likewise. Cincinnati and Evansville both have elevated levels of air contamination yet the sources vary. The primary wellspring Of air contamination in Evansville is from utilities and the fundamental source in Cincinnati is from vehicle exhaust. Both are hazardous to life and the biological system and both can be controlled through instruction and executing plans that follow the 4-RSI of asset use: deny, diminish, reuse and reuse (Miller, 2005). Air and water contamination influence our biological systems and lives all the more drastically hen numerous residents of the US and residents from everywhere throughout the world are happy to concede. Absence of instruction assumes a major job in this disavowal of the realities.

Abe Lincoln1 essays

Abe Lincoln1 papers History Essay The United Sates announced its autonomy from Great Britain on July 4, 1776. Incredible Britain didn't perceive its autonomy until, the Treaty of Paris, two years after the American powers crushed the Britain armed force at the attack of Yorktown. Since the Articles of Confederation were supplanted by the U.S. Constitution in 1789, the United States has had forty-two distinct presidents. Among these presidents, two of the best have were George Washington, and Abraham Lincoln. This exposition will demonstrate that George Washington was the best U.S. leader ever. There are sure qualities that great presidents have. It is said that acceptable presidents are consistently difficult and obnoxious. 1 Along with those two characteristics great presidents are canny, sacrificial, persevering, great communicators, great audience members, great critical thinking strategies, assurance, and they can perceive issues. George Washingtons ascend to control began in 1732 when he was concei ved, in Westmoreland, Virginia on his dads ranch. He lived until 1799, when he kicked the bucket at the age of sixty-seven. He filled in as president from 1789 tossed until 1797. When growing up, George got a large portion of his instruction from his dad and more established sibling. At the point when he was 17 he was named the assessor of Culpeper County, this was the main open office position he held.2 When Washington was done studying, in November of 1752, he was selected the assistant in the provincial volunteer army. His first crucial not come until the accompanying summer, when he elected to take a message from Governor, to the French administrator. Following this crucial was brought to the rulers consideration, and he was given a lieutenant colonels commission.3 Washington demonstrated his resistance to Britain began in 1759 when he turned into an individual from Virginias House of Burgesses. He was known to be modest and reserved4 however he contradicted the British principl es and re... <!

Professional Development Plan

Question: Examine the Professional Development Plan. Answer: Standard Center territory Proof required (as distinguished by you) Who/What will help? By When Proof to be gathered (Explicit) Standard 1 Know Students and How they Learn 1.2 Demonstrate information and comprehension of investigation into how understudies learn and the suggestions for educating (Standards | Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership, 2016). Comprehension of the idea of separated learning. Distinguishing proof of understudies having diverse learning styles and needs. ID of the ability of an understudy to learn and comprehend. Advancement of precise exercises. References like readings, talks, sites and messages. School reports. Class evaluation, past appraisal results. Writings, educational program exercises. Before down to earth Lead in days By the meeting starts Continuous Speculations identified with separated educating procedures. Ideas, models and speculations identified with different sorts of learning styles and needs of understudies. Assessment results, class execution of the understudies. Standard 2 Realize the substance and how to instruct it 2.2 Organize content into a viable learning and instructing grouping. Understanding the speculations and idea of learning. Understanding the understudies ability. In light of ability of understudies methodicallly organize the schedule. References, for example, addresses, readings, sites and messages. The reaction of the understudies in the class. The aftereffects of the past assessment will manual for organize the new prospectus. Before training Continuous Previously or during the primary portion of the meeting. Speculations identified with separated lessons methodologies. The presentation of the understudies. The past schedule will assist with adjusting the enhanced one. Standard 3 Plan for and actualize viable educating and learning 3.2 Plan exercise groupings utilizing information on understudy learning, content and compelling educating systems. Projector and introduction helps in educating. Visual introduction helps in better comprehension of the subject (science). The best possible strategy for introduction. The introducing style helps in comprehension. Progressing Progressing The ideas and formulae controls in introducing. Standard 4 Make and keep up steady and safe learning conditions 4.2 Demonstrate the ability to arrange homeroom exercises and give clear bearings. Viable errand helps in comprehension. Systematical introduction of the subject. The support and the opposition inside the class help in understanding the subject. The principles of the school. Continuous Before the meeting starts. The exhibition report of the understudies. Standard 5 Evaluate, give criticism and report on understudy learning 5.2 Demonstrate a comprehension of the reason for giving ideal and suitable input to understudies about their learning. Masterminding assessment and appraisal. Game plan for rivalry Game plan for between school test rivalry regarding the matter. The school authority and the prospectus of the class. The school authority and the colleagues. The school authority and the help and coordination of different schools. Lead in days Progressing Progressing The prospectus and the shrouded points in the class. Participation of different educators and school authority (Sriprakash, 2012). The records of past rivalry that occurred. References Sriprakash, A. (2012).Pedagogies for advancement. New York: Springer. Principles | Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership. (2016).Aitsl.edu.au. Recovered 10 June 2016.

Discover the History of the ENIAC Computer

Find the History of the ENIAC Computer As innovation advanced in the early and mid-1900s, the requirement for upgraded computational speed developed. In light of this shortage, the American military contributed a large portion of a million dollars to make the perfect processing machine. Who Invented the ENIAC? On May 31, 1943, the military commission for the new PC started withâ the organization of John Mauchly and John Presper Eckert, with the previous filling in as the main expert and Eckert as the central specialist. Eckert had been an alumni understudy at the University of Pennsylvanias Moore School of Electrical Engineering when he and Mauchly met in 1943. It took the group around one year to structure the ENIAC and afterward year and a half in addition to a large portion of a million dollars in charge cash to fabricate it. The machine wasnt formally turned on until November 1945, by which time the war was finished. Be that as it may, not everything was lost, and the military despite everything set ENIAC to work, performing figurings for the structure of a nuclear bomb, climate forecasts, infinite beam contemplates, warm start, arbitrary number investigations, and air stream plan. The ENIAC In 1946, Mauchly and Eckert built up the Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator (ENIAC). The American military supported this examination since it required a PC for ascertaining mounted guns shooting tables, the settings utilized for various weapons under fluctuated conditions for target exactness. As the part of the military liable for ascertaining the tables, the Ballistics Research Laboratory (BRL) got intrigued in the wake of finding out about Mauchlys explore at the Moore School. Mauchly had recently made a few ascertaining machines and in 1942â began structuring a superior figuring machine dependent on crafted by John Atanasoff, an innovator whoâ used vacuum cylinders to accelerate counts. The patent for ENIAC was recorded in 1947. A passage from that patent, (U.S.#3,120,606) documented on June 26, read, With the appearance of regular utilization of expand estimations, speed has gotten vital to such a high degree, that there is no machine available today equipped for fulfilling the full interest of current computational techniques. What Eas Inside the ENIAC? The ENIAC was a many-sided and expand bit of innovation for the time. Housed inside 40 9-foot-tall cupboards, the machine contained 17,468 vacuum tubesâ along with 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors, 1,500 transfers, 6,000 manual switches, and 5 million patched joints. Its measurements secured 1,800 square feet (167 square meters) of floor space and gauged 30 tons, and running it devoured 160 kilowatts of electrical force. Two 20-drive blowers conveyed cool air to shield the machine from overheating. The immense degree of vitality being utilized prompted gossip that turning on the machine would make the city of Philadelphia experience brownouts. Be that as it may, the story, which was first detailed erroneously by the Philadelphia Bulletin in 1946, has since been limited as a urban legend. In only one second, the ENIAC (multiple times quicker than some other figuring machine to date) could perform 5,000 augmentations, 357 increases, or 38 divisions. The utilization of vacuum tubes rather than switches and transfers brought about the speed up, however it was anything but a fast machine to reinvent. Programming changes would take the experts weeks, and the machine consistently required extended periods of time of support. As a side note, look into on the ENIAC prompted numerous upgrades in the vacuum tube. Commitments of Dr. John Von Neumann In 1948, Dr. John Von Neumann made a few changes to the ENIAC. The ENIAC had performed number juggling and move activities simultaneously, which caused programming challenges. Von Neumann recommended that utilizing changes to control code determination would make it with the goal that pluggable link associations could stay fixed. He added a converter code to empower sequential activity. Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation Eckert and Mauchlys work reached out past just ENIAC. In 1946, Eckert and Mauchly began the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation. In 1949, their organization propelled the BINAC (BINary Automatic Computer) that utilized attractive tape to store information. In 1950, the Remington Rand Corporation purchased the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation and changed the name to the Univac Division of Remington Rand. Their examination brought about the UNIVAC (UNIVersal Automatic Computer), a fundamental harbinger to todays PCs. In 1955, Remington Rand converged with the Sperry Corporation and framed Sperry-Rand. Eckert stayed with the organization as an official and proceeded with the organization when it later converged with the Burroughs Corporation to become Unisys. Eckert and Mauchly both got the IEEE Computer Society Pioneer Award in 1980. The End of the ENIAC Notwithstanding its huge advances in calculation during the 1940s, ENIACs residency was short. On October 2, 1955, at 11:45 p.m.,â the power was at long last stopped, and the ENIAC was resigned. In 1996, unequivocally 50 years after ENIAC was openly recognized by the administration, the enormous PC got its place ever. As per the Smithsonian, ENIAC was the focal point of consideration in the city of Philadelphia as they praised being the origin of calculation. ENIAC was at last destroyed, with segments of the huge machine in plain view at both Penn and the Smithsonian.

Administrative Ethics Paper Hcs/335

Managerial Ethics Paper HCS/335 November 5, 2012 Administrative Ethics Paper In today’s universe of innovation patient’s face a consistently testing issue of ensuring their protection. Perhaps the greatest zone encroaching on a patient’s protection would be the remedy wellbeing data that is being discharged by drug specialists and the manner by which that data is used.Information is given to a wide assortment of substances and to people, which raises gigantic worry about the security privileges of patients, particularly considering the way that the patient has not given assent for the arrival of this data. Authoritative and legal consideration is being given on the best way to secure protection recognizable data on remedy information and the mischief that should be possible by the arrival of this data. There is a great deal of spotlight on investigating protection issues as to individual wellbeing data (PHI), particularly with the professionally prescribed medica tions containing so much information.The mechanized databases in a drug store gather a large group of patient data including the patient’s address, the patient’s name, the date it was filled, the spot it was filled, the patient’s sex and age, the recommending doctor, what medication was endorsed, the measurement, and what number of pills. How a patient’s data is utilized once it is de-recognized in all likelihood doesn’t even cross anyone’s mind in light of the fact that most patients don’t understand that anybody other than the drug specialist, the specialist, and the insurance agency for preparing the case, are going to see it.There is a considerable rundown of organizations and people that need the patient remedy PHI, including legal counselors, teachers, investigates that are performing clinical preliminaries, advertising purposes, government authorities, and managers. The article, Somebody’s Watching Me, lays the basis in lawfully building up the structure for securing the protection of patient solution PHI, particularly the data on de-distinguished PHI. There are 5 sections to the lawful framework.Part 1 essentially states why there is a requirement for government enactment to step in to help ensure both patient solution PHI, and de-recognized patient remedy PHI. Part II shows the procedure of how the data is gathered and utilized. Part III discussions about government and state laws that are at present in presence to secure a patient’s protection rights, with an attention on three state legal endeavors that would check data being utilized for advertising purposes, and the Supreme Court and circuit court responses.Part IV takes a gander at the current laws in regards to unapproved exposure of patient remedy PHI. This is an increasingly extraordinary gander at all of the resolutions, moral rules, government and state rules and laws, and other alternative for ensuring a patient’s securit y. Part V recommends having a government rule permitting patients to control the utilization of their data for both patient solution PHI, and de-distinguished PHI. A great many people would believe that de-recognized PHI would be ensured on the grounds that it is scrambled before it is moved to others not approved to get to the recognizable information.Unfortunately, there are ways, for example, geo-coding that permits others to re-distinguish the data. Regardless of whether an organization sells the information data that they have and they express that individual data isn't to be utilized by outsiders, there is no surety that the buyer will maintain the understanding. In today’s innovative society it is hard to have a program that will keep on making re-recognizable proof outlandish, particularly if an individual’s protection was once penetrated by re-ID. Encryptions are codes and codes are broken all the time.Moreover, encryption requires utilization of a key or figu re, which is utilized to bolt and open the concealed information. Such a key is important to permit the concealed information to be seen in an understandable way by the individuals who are approved to see it. Nonetheless, there is constantly a hazard that the encryption key may fall into an inappropriate hands, in this way permitting the data to be gotten to by unapproved watchers. There are numerous issues that could emerge from a patient’s data arriving under the control of a more peculiar, a chief, an adversary, or some other person that doesn't have consent to see that information.The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) needs to really investigate the issues that exist with the recognizable patient remedy PHI, the de-distinguished patient solution PHI, and the scrambled remedy PHI. These issues influence the whole populace and can devastatingly affect those that have their own data get into an inappropriate hands. On the off chance that there is a representative who has Aides and they don’t need different worker’s to know, it would be unreasonably simple for a business to acquire that information.The contentions and realities that are utilized in the article bolster the proposed arrangement by expressing the issues that emerge without having laws set up to secure the protection privileges of patients. There are numerous moral and lawful issues when you are managing protection rights, including the odds of getting sued by people for leaving their data alone acquired and utilized by others. Having security data discharged into an inappropriate hands can be inconvenient to a patient. A director in a social insurance condition ought to be there to help and help bring laws into place that ensures both the patient and the association. REFERENCESSmith, C. (2012) Somebody’s Watching Me: Protecting Patient Privacy in Prescription Health Information, Vermont Law Review, recovered from the University of Phoenix Libr ary on November 4, 2012. Kendall, D. Ensuring Patient Privacy in the Information Age recovered from http://www. hlpronline. com/kendall. pdf Thacker, S. , (2003) HIPAA Privacy Rule and Public Health CDC, recovered from http://www. cdc. gov/mmwr/see/mmwrhtml/m2e411a1. htm â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€ [ 1 ]. David Colarusso, Note, Heads in the Cloud, A Coming Storm: The Interplay of Cloud Computing, Encryption and the Fifth Amendment’sProtection Against Self-Incrimination, 17 B. U. J. Sci and TECH. L. 69, 78-80 (2011)(describing the subtleties of symmetric key encryption and open key encryption) [ 2 ]. Id. at 789 (portraying how a figure or key renders plaintext incoherent nonsense). [ 3 ]. Robert D. Fram, Margaret Jane Radin and Thomas P. Earthy colored, Altred States: Electronic Commerce and Owning the Means of Value Exchange, 1999 STAN. TECH. L. Fire up. 2, 15-16 (1999) (sketching out the dangers of cryptography, including the l ikelihood that encryption keys may not generally be stayed discreet. )

Marijuana Myths, Effects, Risks, and How to Get Help

Marijuana Myths, Effects, Risks, and How to Get Help Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Print What to Know About Marijuana Use By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 10, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 09, 2019 LPETTET / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Cocaine Heroin Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand What Does Marijuana Do? Common Side Effects Signs of Use Myths and Common Questions Tolerance and Dependence How to Get Help View All Back To Top Marijuana refers to the dried leaves, stems, flowers, and seeds from the hemp plant  Cannabis. The main active ingredient in marijuana is the mind-altering chemical  delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol  (THC).   Marijuana is the most common illegal drug used in the United States. According to a national survey on drug use and health from 2017, about 45% of Americans over the age of 12 have used marijuana.?? As of the 2018 midterm elections, 10 states  and Washington, DC had legalized marijuana for recreational use for adults over the age of 21. Over 30 states have laws on the books legalizing marijuana for medical use only, while several others have only legalized oils with low-THC content. Marijuana is still illegal under federal law. Also Known As: There are over 200 slang terms for marijuana, including pot, herb, weed, grass, widow, boom, ganja, hash, Mary Jane, cannabis, bubble gum, northern lights, fruity juice, gangster, Afghani #1, skunk, and chronic. Drug Class: Marijuana is often classified as a depressant, although it also has stimulant and hallucinogenic properties. Common Side Effects: Side effects of marijuana use include altered senses, mood changes, difficulty thinking, and impaired memory. In high doses, it can lead to hallucinations, psychosis, and delusions. How to Recognize Marijuana Marijuana looks like a shredded, green-brown mix of plant material. But it can look different depending on how it is prepared or packaged. What Does Marijuana Do? The membranes of certain nerve cells in the brain contain receptors that bind to THC, kicking off a series of cellular reactions that ultimately lead to the high people experience when they use marijuana. People use the drug because it elevates their mood and relaxes them. Depending on the level of THC, users may also experience euphoria, hallucinations, and paranoia.?? The most common way to use marijuana is to smoke it. It is often rolled into a cigarette joint, added to an emptied cigar casing to create a blunt, or smoked in a pipe or a water pipe bong. A newly popular method of use is smoking or eating different forms of THC-rich resins extracted from the marijuana plant.  It can also be baked into food (called edibles) such as brownies, cookies, or candy, or brewed as a tea. A Closer Look at Marijuana Use and Addiction What the Experts Say Marijuana use can be particularly problematic among teens because it may have a long-term impact on mental abilities including memory, learning, and thinking. One 2012 study found that participants who had begun smoking marijuana in their teens lost an average of eight IQ points.?? Because the most common method of use is smoking, marijuana use also poses respiratory risks and other smoking-related dangers. Smoking marijuana may increase the risk of wheezing, shortness of breath, and chronic coughing.?? According to a review published in 2015, research is mixed on whether or not smoking marijuana increases the risk of cancer. Some studies have suggested that there may be an increased risk, while others have found that marijuana use may actually have a protective effect.?? Despite these risks, there are reasons why people choose to continue to use marijuana. One study published in 2016 found people report using marijuana to:?? Relieve stress or tensionEscape lifes problemsEase boredomFeel good or euphoricFit in socially Why Do People Use Marijuana? Off-Label or Recently Approved Uses In addition to its use as a recreational drug, marijuana has a long history of use for medicinal purposes. While it has not been approved by the FDA, many states in the U.S. have legalized marijuana for at least some medical purposes. Medical marijuana is utilized to treat the symptoms of conditions rather than as a treatment for the condition itself. Research through 2017 suggests that marijuana is most effective in the treatment of muscles spasms, chronic pain, and nausea, making it helpful in relieving the symptoms of conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and epilepsy.?? Some of the conditions that medical marijuana has been approved to treat in many states include: AIDSAlzheimers diseaseCancerCrohns diseaseEating disordersGlaucomaCachexiaMigrainesSeizuresSevere painSevere nauseaPersistent muscle spasmsWasting syndrome Further research on the potential benefits of medical marijuana is ongoing. Recognized and legally sanctioned use of marijuana for the treatment or relief of symptoms will continue to evolve as researchers investigate these uses. As of 2019, medical marijuana is legal in 33 states as well as Washington, D.C. Common Side Effects Some of the common side effects of using marijuana include dry mouth, swollen eyelids, bloodshot eyes, loss of coordination, and an accelerated heart rate.?? Short-term risks include:?? Anxiety and paranoiaImpaired memoryDifficulty thinkingLearning difficultiesLack of attention and focusPoor driving skills Long-term risks potentially include:?? Respiratory problemsHeightened risk of infections, especially the lungsPoor short-term recallCognitive impairmentLack of motivation Regular marijuana smokers may also have many of the same respiratory problems that tobacco smokers have, including daily cough and phlegm, symptoms of chronic bronchitis, and more frequent chest colds. Continuing to smoke marijuana can lead to abnormal functioning of lung tissue injured or destroyed by marijuana smoke.?? While some of these risks cant be mitigated, there are things you can do to addressâ€"at least in partâ€"some of the above, if you choose to smoke. Signs of Use Marijuana can be consumed in a number of ways, although smoking is the most common method. If you suspect that someone you know is misusing marijuana recreationally, you may notice some of the following signs: Lack of focusTalkativenessSecrecySleepinessIncreased food cravingsBloodshot eyesPoor time managementDrug paraphernalia (e.g., pipes, baggies, rolling papers) It is important to remember that many of these signs may be caused by other things or may simply be variations in normal behavior. Watch for groups of behaviors rather than taking single actions as proof of drug use. How to Know If Your Teen Is Smoking Pot Myths and Common Questions One common myth is that marijuana is a gateway drug that almost always leads to the use of harder drugs. While there is some evidence that exposure to marijuana may make it easier to use other substances, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) suggests that most people who use marijuana do not go on to try to become addicted to other drugs.?? Another common myth is that marijuana itself is not addictive. While it is not common, repeated use can lead to both mental and physical dependence. The Centers for Disease Control reports that as many as 1 in 10 people who use marijuana will develop an addiction.?? Marijuana today often contains much higher THC levels than in the past, which increases its addictive properties. Tolerance, Dependence, and Withdrawal Research suggests that regular use of marijuana may lead to tolerance. When tolerance occurs, it takes increasingly larger doses or more frequent use to achieve the same effects. In a 2018 study, researchers found that regular use of marijuana led to less prominent effects when compared to non-regular use. The research also found that the physiological, behavioral, and cognitive effects of marijuana decrease over repeated exposure.?? How Long Does Marijuana Stay In Your System? The amount of time marijuana stays in your system may depend on the dose and frequency of use. Typically, marijuana may be detected in urine tests for up to 13 days after use, however, regular use may lead to longer detection windows. The type of test used can also influence detection windows. While marijuana is only detectable by blood for a few hours, it can be detected by hair follicle tests for up to 90 days. Addiction Research published in 2015 showed that over 30% of marijuana users in the United States had use disorder in 2012 and 2013.??  Long-term marijuana users are more susceptible to addiction. People who begin using marijuana before age 18 are four to seven times more likely than adults ages 22â€"26 to develop an addiction.?? Drug craving and withdrawal symptoms can make it hard for long-term marijuana smokers to stop using the drug. People trying to quit report irritability, sleeplessness, and anxiety. A drug is considered addictive if it causes someone to compulsively, and often uncontrollably, crave, seek, and use it, even in the face of negative health and social consequences. Marijuana meets this criterion. Can You Really Become Addicted to Marijuana? Withdrawal Some of the common symptoms of marijuana withdrawal that people report experiencing include:?? Difficulty sleepingDrug cravingsDecreased appetiteAnxietyIrritabilityMood changesHeadachesChills and sweatsDepression These symptoms can range from mild to more severe. These withdrawal symptoms can usually be self-managed, although you should talk to your doctor if they become severe, prolonged, or if you experience symptoms of depression.  Verywell / Gary Ferster Overview of Marijuana Withdrawal How to Get Help Treatment for marijuana use often utilizes counseling and psychotherapy. The goal is to help people learn new behaviors and address any additional addictions or co-occurring psychiatric conditions. Forms of counseling or therapy that may be effective include:?? Cognitive-behavioral therapyMotivational incentivesIndividual or group counselingFamily therapySupport groups While there is no medication approved for the treatment of marijuana disorder, antidepressants and other medications may be used to treat symptoms of conditions such as depression or anxiety. If marijuana use becomes a problem for you, talk to your doctor or call the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administrations national helpline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357).

Central Bank of the Gulf Cooperation - 275 Words

Organisation of the Central Bank of the Gulf Cooperation (Essay Sample) Content: Report: Organisation of the Central Bank of the Gulf Cooperation CouncilNameInstitutionDate Executive SummaryThe Central Bank of the GCC is a major venture of the Gulf Cooperation Council. This project would probably end up as one of the top world ventures in the financial sectors all over the world with its main competitor being the European Central Bank (GCC, 2012). With regard to the economic situation currently experienced in the Gulf area, this project report paper seeks to evaluate, assess and give options to the most effective organisation for the proposed project. This is clearly outlined by suggesting a structure that is centralised, providing the argumentation in support of an in house system of organisation and relating GCCs objectives to the relevance of the proposed organisation. The paper also explains how the structure will help differentiate the Central Bank of GCC from other union banks and especially the European Bank and at the same time portray the crucial objectives and functions of the Bank. Generally, this paper holds the objective to help the management identify the best way possible to serve the Arab states through integration and cooperation so as to strengthen the links between the member states.IntroductionBackgroundThe Gulf Cooperation Council is a union of several Arab countries founded in May 25th 191 with in Abu Dhabi. The council is based on the Islamic creed which binds six Arabic member states in a common political and economical relationship. These states are United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait and the Sultanate of Oman (GCC, 2012). One of its major financial venture is the announcement of the Central Bank of the GCC in December 2006 which would act as the monetary union project that would be measured by the common currency of the unions referred to as Khaleeji. Economical analysisDespite the fact that the member states records high economical prosperities, the project is prone to high e nd success but at the same time highly subjected to economical risks like financial crisis hit with less or no chances of quick recovery (Back, 2011). This is evident in the way most of GCC financial projects are presented with disparities. Plans to control such disparities and create projects that set clarified priorities like consumer confidence and business growth involve an effective organisational structure (David Demand, 2013). Problem definitionThe union deserves a well structured mode of operations and performance to ensure that the several entities of the member states are involved. This structure should in its wide base provide the standards and processes of operation. It should determine the decision making ministries or arms within the union and definitely draw the plan of action for the daily operation of the Central Bank. DiscussionCritical analysis of the literature providedAccording to David Demand (2013), Organisation of any establishment should include the lines of power, the decision makers and the description of other stake holders from severa functional units of the whole investment. The business professionals suggested that an effective structure picks up the overall complexity of international establishments. It should involve all the vast cultures of employees and consumers who should be unified by the structure in place.Choice on the structure of the organisationPlacing banking management under a centralised bank is considered a traditional practice in financial control. Nevertheless, bis.org (2012) suggests that the central bank systems conduct the policies of the monetary and financial oversight thus presenting the investment with system stability. Since the six states share most cultural, social and economical beliefs, there is no big gap created as a result of cultural overlap. An in house central banking system will promote the business conduct and customer protection due to the merging of ethos, concerns and culture of the Ara bic states of the Gulf region (Back, 2011). The adoption of a centralised organisation structure will help the states achieve their macro-economic objectives by managing the stability of many financial institutions of the GCC and ensuring the smooth operation of the Central Bank. Referring to bis.org (2012), settling on the centralised organisation will generally consider the financial health and the monetary regulation of the union states.An in house central bank is charged with the responsibility to regulate the stability, payment and systems of other commercial banks. This can only be possible if information transmission is done under one umbrella. Separation of banking systems may promote barriers in the flow of information and make it difficult to quantify the friction caused by the barriers caused (David Demand, 2013). It is however argued that the ability of the in house organisation to control private banking is next to impossible. This is because of the competitive profit generation obtain by the different states involved that claim the forces in their own country related to economic hits and flow of money.The existence of a central bank will help the member states quickly correct financial crisis and make decisive plan of actions necessary for the protection of the economic stability of the states and the financial health of other financial institutions (bis.org, 2012).Similarities and difference from the European Central BankThe choice of placing the managerial and supervision tasks of the Central Bank of GCC is based on the basis of whether to adopt the central bank in-house supervision or the separate specialised financial institutions that is adopted by the European Central Bank.Both the Central Bank of GCC and the European Central Bank design their financial objectives to fit several member states that control the economies of such states. As such the Central Bank of GCC can emulate ...

Killer Angels Essay - 466 Words

The novel The Killer Angles, by Michael Shaara, gives a story like depiction of the American Civil War at the Battle of Gettysburg. In this novel we see the views of both Confederate and Union armies. The officers for both sides in this novel used to go to war with each other but are now on different sides according to their political views. In the end both armies realized the war had accomplished nothing but all the deaths of soldiers. During the novel, the armies are going to war against their opponents and not necessarily their enemies.Despite the fact that the Confederate and Union armies were entirely concerned with defeating their opponent, many times they were fighting against relatives and friends. For instance, General†¦show more content†¦These two men were at one time friends. Again during the war, officers make a realization about the war. Longstreet realizes that Armistead and Garnett are dead and that Kemper was dying (P.358). Then he sees the true facts that this war had accomplished nothing but the deaths of great men.Shaaras theory was that the war accomplished nothing but deaths. This theory has been considered before by many men, most likely the men of the war. George Pickett knows the war is not just about slavery (P. 71). In the Battle of Gettysburg thousands of men died for almost nothing. Of course the main cause of the war was slavery, but other circumstances contributed to the cause of the civil war, such as the election of Abraham Lincoln.This book contributes a detailed description and story of the Battle of Gettysburg. Many books about Gettysburg give a biography about the battle and the commanders, but this book makes the commanders and soldiers come to life. It shows actual feelings about the war. While most books give a narrative monologue of the battle. This book brings characters to life and gives a detailed description of the battle.This novel has raised questions in my mind because I was unaware of the real battle; but it raises no new questions to society such as Hofstadters writings. This novel gives a very accurate description of the Battle of Gettysburg. This novel also shows the importance of each battle and each division in each of these battles. MoreoverShow MoreRelatedEssay On Killer Angels1776 Words   |  8 PagesKiller Angels is a 1974 historical novel by Michael Shaara. The book tells the story of the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War. The novel is told through the voices of both Union army and Confederate Army of Northern Virginia leaders who were in battle there. The novel is laid out in days and each new chapter for the day gives a number and the name of the man who is the focus of the chapter. In Killer Angels, the Army of Northern Virginia’s demise is highlighted by a few different featuresRe ad More Killer Angels Essay2541 Words   |  11 Pages The Killer Angels The Battle of Gettysburg brought the dueling North and South together to the small town of Gettysburg and on the threshold of splitting the Union. Gettysburg was as close as the United States got to Armageddon and The Killer Angels gives the full day-to-day account of the battle that shaped America’s future. Michael Shaara tells the story of the Battle of Gettysburg through the eyes of the generals and men involved in the action of the battle. The historical account of the BattleRead MoreKiller Angels Essay714 Words   |  3 PagesKiller Angels The pain, joy, bloodshed, death, and sorrow of the Civil War are all contained in the book called, The Killer Angels. This book will show you the thoughts, feelings and actions of many of the leaders of both armies. By reading this book you will get an in depth view of the bloodiest days of the Civil War. Even if you know absolutely nothing about this war, you can still read and understand everything that is portrayed. This story not only gives you the view of many of theRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1634 Words   |  7 PagesAuthor Background Pulitzer Prize-winning author Michael Shaara, the author of The Killer Angels, was born on June 23, 1928 in Jersey City, New Jersey. He was an author of science fiction, sports fiction, and historical fiction. Although writing was his passion, Shaara was very athletically successful in high school, winning more awards than any other student in the history of the school for sports such as basketball, track and baseball. He acquired a skill in boxing, and of the 18 matches ShaaraRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Abraham Lincoln1046 Words   |  5 Pagesagainst itself cannot stand.† Lincoln believes that there is no such thing as a balance between free and slave states and that the two contradictory governments are bound to fall. That describes the conflict that occurs in the fictional novel, The Killer Angels, a civil war story between the Union and Confederate states fighting to achieve the government they yearn for. The setting takes place in the midst of the Battle of Gettysburg as the two sides prepare for the fight. The Confederate officers include:Read MoreThe Killer Angels Book Review1641 Words   |  7 PagesKatie Cline The Killer Angels Book Review June 21, 2012 The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara: The Random House Publishing Group, New York, 1974. The Killer Angels is a stunning recollection of the telltale battle of the Civil War: the Battle of Gettysburg. Set from June 29 to July 3, 1863 and told from the vantage points of several soldiers and commanding officers from both sides, including Lee, Longstreet, and Chamberlain, Michael Shaara effectively paints a picture of the war that divided AmericaRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1206 Words   |  5 PagesShawn Gacy American Lit. Mrs. Moyer September 11, 2015 Summer Reading The book I chose to read over the summer was the book The Killer Angels, by Michael Shaara. The Killer Angels tells the story of the Battle of Gettysburg. On July 1, 1863, the Confederate army, and the Union army, fought the largest battle of the American Civil War. When the battle ended, fifty one thousand men were KIA (Killed In Action), wounded, or MIA (Missing in Action). All the characters in this book are basedRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Killer Angels is a novel written by Michael Shaara which tells the story of the four day battle of Gettysburg from June 30 and ended July 3, 1863.There were two armies in the novel the Union and the Confederate soliders who eneded up fighting in a town called Gettysburg located in Pennsylvania. In the novel, there are four major characters who were all Generals, General Lee, General Longstreet, General Pickett, and Colonel Chamberlain.The main cause of the war was the confederate wanting to splitRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1117 Words   |  5 Pages Michael Shaara’s 1974 historical novel, The Killer Angels, covers the story of the four days of the Battle of Gettysburg that also features maps for visualization. The format of the story is well organized. It begins with a Foreword, which describes in great detail the armies and soldiers involved in the battle. It follows up with four sections and within each section there are chapters that are written in chronological order, covering the events between Monday, June 29, 1863 and Friday, July 3Read MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1947 Words   |  8 Pagesthe dueling North and South together to the small town of Gettysburg and on the threshold of splitting the Union. Gettysburg was as close as the United States got to Armageddon and The Killer Angels gives this full day-to-day account of the battle that shaped America’s future. Michael Shaara author of â€Å"The Killer Angels,† tells the story of the Battle of Gettysburg through the eyes of generals Robe rt E. Lee, Joshua Chamberlain, James Longstreet, and John Buford, and the other men involved in the action

Prescription Drugs And The United States And New Zealand

Prescription for Danger Lorraine Yahne ENG 122 Composition II Instructor MacDonald September 15, 2014 Direct to Consumer Advertising There are only two countries that allow advertising of prescription drugs to consumers; the United States and New Zealand. Direct to consumer advertising (DTCA) is what they call the prescription drugs advertisements that are made specifically for the consumer. Pharmaceutical companies survival depends upon a gullible public buying what they are selling, whether you need it or not. Prescription drug advertising is in a different category than toothpaste advertising. Because the consumer s health is at stake, there are different rules and regulations involved. Pharmaceutical companies often do†¦show more content†¦Consumers will be more likely to initiate a conversation with their physician after seeing an advertisement on television, or in a magazine. In a paper titled An Insider s Perspective: Defense of the Pharmaceutical Industry s Marketing Practices, author Kanika Johar (2013) writes, In my experience, the goal of DTCA is to increase market share for the new drug by br inging awareness to a particular disease that the drug treats (p.10). The first part of that sentence is remarkably candid. As an industry insider, Johar admits that increasing market share is the goal of DTCA. While proponents cite education and awareness as reasons to continue DTCA, research consistently shows that consumers are not educated in any meaningful way about drugs and their side effects in a 2 minute commercial or a tiny 4 point font, need a degree in biotechnology to understand, print advertisement (Frosch et al, 2010; Arnold Oakley, 2013). One of the biggest problems with direct to consumer advertising is the dangerous medicalizing of our citizens. Medicalization: To take a normal human condition and turn it into a medical condition that needs to be treated. At issue with opponents of DTCA is the belief that the advertisements gloss over the (sometimes-serious) side effects. These ads portray the message of happy and carefree people whose lives are better because of these drugs. The ubiquitous ads promote these drugs to the exclusion of any natural remedies or simple lifestyle changes

Risk and Quality Management Assessment - 1865 Words

Risk and Quality Management Assessment Summary Sherry Noble HCS/451 September 29, 2014 Charriet Womble Risk and Quality Management Assessment Summary Reunion Plaza Nursing Center, a long term nursing facility with a 102 beds and is in the process of adding an additional wing that will have 30 beds for the elderly, disable, and short term rehabilitation with a staff that consist of Administrator, Business Office Staff, Social Worker, MDS Coordinator, Central Supply Clerk, Staffing Coordinator, ADON, Hall Managers, Hall Nurses, Treatment Nurses, Medication Aides, Nurse’s Aides, Dietician, Dietary Aides, Maintenance, Housekeeping and Laundry Staff, who all works together to provide care to the residing residents and new admissions that†¦show more content†¦Lack of staff will cause there to be poor work performance of quality care which the organization would suffer do to that effect. Poor customer service in an organization could have an everlasting effect on an organization when residents feel as if they are not being treated with respect and not getting the care they were expecting. Any consumer who comes to take a tour to check out the facility to see if it is a fit for a family member and if the atmosphere is cold this will affect the organization by the loss of potential residents. Marketing strategy if not done in a professional manner such as the exaggeration of what really is could have an effect on the organization when a new resident is admitted and it is not like the person was led to believe. It causes the loss of that admission and potential admissions because consumers talks to other consumers and they talk about their experience with that organization. (Bassett and Westmore, 2012) There is also accountability, effective leadership, performance management in all organizations so there is a need to setup systems that show that awareness is not enough to ensure that the quality of care would be proficient for the residents. The organization would need aShow MoreRelatedRisk and Quality Management Assessment 1964 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ Risk and Quality Management Assessment Summary Yolanda Mercer HCS/451 August 4, 2014 Dorothy Webb-Moody Risk and Quality Management Assessment Summary Risk and quality management are two key concepts that help run a successful business. Risk and quality management programs provide techniques, tools, and different methods for health care organizations. Using risk and quality management programs ensure organizations provide quality health care. Novant Health is an integrated system of outpatientRead MoreRisk and Quality Management Assessment Summary1698 Words   |  7 PagesRisk and Quality Management Assessment Summary Risk management is the practice of measuring risk and creating strategies to accomplish the risk. In ideal risk management, an arrangement process is shadowed whereby the risks with the maximum loss and extreme probability of happening are controlled first. However, the procedure can be hard, and maintaining between risks with high possibility of occurrence but lower loss and risks with high loss but lower possibility of occurrence can often be mismanagedRead MoreEssay on Assessment Summary of Risk and Quality Management2038 Words   |  9 PagesAssessment Summary of Risk and Quality Management HCS/451 February 4, 2013 Assessment Summary of Risk and Quality Management As I was reading about Duke University Medical Center and here is what it said about quality improvement it is a â€Å"formal approach to the analysis of performance and systematic efforts for improvement† (2005). In different industries quality improvements are constructed differently. quality improvement is used in the field of medical it focuses on the safety of the patientsRead MoreRisk Assessment Tools1220 Words   |  5 PagesRisk Assessment Tools All of the tools perform the same basic function; however, they perform them differently (Schreider, 2003). Each product is a questionnaire based on the type of organization, asset value, etc. More sophisticated products also allow importation or links to data from penetration tests, intelligence reports, and other risk-gathering formats. They also perform calculations for risk probability and rank each risk by level of importance. The comprehensive design calculates lossRead MoreHCS451 Risk Assessment Summary811 Words   |  4 Pagespatients. The management team at Agape has decided to make risk management a focus in the upcoming year, and has hired a consultant to perform an assessment and formulate a plan for risk management. Long term care facilities serve over 3 million Americans, and that number is growing every year. (Rubbens, 2007)With the boom in the need for long term care, comes more risks. Risk management is designed to mitigate safety concerns, assure quality and protect patients’ rights. Risk management is both proactive-eliminatingRead MoreRisk Assessment And Risk Assessments1178 Words   |  5 Pages Risk Assessment IEE 454 Bowen Wan 1208534297 Email: bwan4@asu.edu Abstract: As Broughton said, we should try our best to avoid risks first by based care like improving quality of products instead of relying on latest risk assessment tool, although risks are not avoidable all the time. Table of contents: What is Risk Assessment Value of Risk Assessment Qualitative Risk Assessment Quantitative risk assessment Criticism of quantitative risk assessment TypicalRead MoreEvergreen Woods Health And Rehabilitation Center1624 Words   |  7 PagesRisk and Quality Management Assessment Summary Evergreen Woods health and rehabilitation center is located in Spring Hill Florida. The center has been serving Hernando County for over 25 years. Services that the center offers are: Post-acute services, Rehabilitative services, skilled nursing, Short and long term care through physical, occupational and speech therapists. The mission of Evergreen Woods health and rehabilitation center is to provide comprehensive services to meet the care of the residentsRead MoreRisk and Quality Management1659 Words   |  7 PagesRisk and Quality Management Assessment Summary Kelly Hennessey HCS/451 02/18/2012 Lauri Rose Risk and Quality Management Assessment Summary Evergreen Woods health and rehabilitation center is located in Spring Hill Florida. The center has been serving Hernando County for over 25 years. Services that the center offers are: Post-acute services, Rehabilitative services, skilled nursing, Short and long term care through physical, occupational and speech therapists. The mission of Evergreen WoodsRead MoreThe Emergence Of Risk Based Approaches1686 Words   |  7 PagesCh. 3.1 Emergence of Risk-Based Approaches Risk assessment is increasingly conducted by many groups within an organization to fulfil a variety of business and regulatory requirements. Various groups within the same organization often rely on guidance from different professional organizations to provide a framework for conducting the risk assessment. As financial organizations offer disparate approaches to risk assessment, they contribute to risk information. In this context, information systemsRead MoreTechnology And Risk Management Process1297 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Innovation and the â€Å"Change† process have gripped the clinical research Industry in the last few years. Evolution in technology and Risk Management processes consequently lead to release of the latest International Council of harmonization (ICH) Good Clinical practice (GCP) E6 R2 step 4 on Nov 30 2016. Other highlights of the Research Industry are revision to the â€Å"Common Rule† â€Å"to reduce burden, delay and ambiguity for investigators†, the Food and Drug administration (FDA) encouraging

Essay about The Roman Empire - 979 Words

When discussing the greatest empires in the history of the world, one that will always be included in the conversation is the Roman Empire. With an empire that spread from Hadrian’s Wall to Arabia, it is considered one of the mightiest empires in history. There was no single factor or individual that can be considered to be the driving force behind the success of the Roman Empire. It is rather a success founded upon political policies, military strength and cultural prosperity. No empire in history has ever spread without a great military force. The Roman military stands out as one of history’s greatest forces. They were virtually unbeatable. One of the Romans many strengths was their ability to manufacture weapons. Roman weapon†¦show more content†¦These troops would train for years before they would go off to fight; unlike many of their opponents they faced who were utilizing untrained troops or peasants to compose their armies (Dambrath). With the vas t landscapes and diverse cultures that the Roman Empire ruled over, a strong political strategy had to be in place to maintain such a vast and diverse empire. The Roman Empire was made up of many self governing provinces that reported ultimately to Rome. The structure of these provinces was not of military control but of civil law. Governors were appointed to a limited term to govern the provinces (Lendering). Their terms were most likely limited in order to ensure provinces would not be inclined to break away from the empire. In order to ensure that a province would not become too large and powerful the Romans would split up large provinces into smaller elements. Although the Romans had an Emperor his position was not that of uncontested power. Much like the United States of today, the Roman government was broken into three branches. These were executive, judicial and legislative. The Romans enacted this policy to ensure that no one man could create all of the laws that g overn the empire (UNRV History). Although the Romans conquered many territories holding onto them through brute force was not the Roman way. In order to ingratiate themselves to the massesShow MoreRelatedThe Roman And Roman Empire1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe Roman Empire, which was centered in the city of Rome, was the most extensive western civilization of ancient times. With its major advancements and prosperity it is hard to believe that the Roman Empire suddenly collapsed and fell into a time known as the Dark Ages. After a period of struggles for the Roman Empire, the empire gradually fell. Rome was the most successful civilization of its time. Its strategic location in the center of the Italian Peninsula and the fertile plains that supportedRead MoreThe Roman Of Roman Empire Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pages The Roman scutum was a large body shield used in battles, sieges, and gladiator fights. The scutum was used from the early Roman Republic until the third century CE and helped to define many of the Roman battle tactics that made them so successful. The curved, semi-cylindrical design provided full-body protection and was especially used in the testudo formation during sieges. The Roman Scutum is a perfect example of the military genius of the Roman Legion. The Roman Empire was created from theRead MoreThe Roman Empire1469 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Roman Empire. The Roman way of life and â€Å"Pax Romana† set up a standard of what defined civilization great. However, what was it that made the Roman life great? Was it the rules, the system of government, the virtues of the people? I believe what made the Romans so mighty was a blessing from God due to the outpouring revival of their hearts. However, to fully understand how their hearts were revived for Christ and how God had His hand on them we must take a look at the past of the Romans AfterRead MoreRoman Empire871 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roman Empire is known as one of the greatest empires of all time, blossoming politically, economically, and culturally. Rome was quickly expanding, reaching as far as North Africa. When Octavian came into power, the Pax Romana, or â€Å"Roman Peace,† began. However, this long peace may have triggered the beginning of the end of the Roman Empire. Because Rome was not distracted by conquering foreign lands, its citizens relaxed and lived in luxury. There did not seem to be any goals they did notRead MoreThe Roman Empire And The Romans1815 Words   |  8 PagesIn Roman history, it is often true that history was written by the victors, and given the large expansion of the Roman Empire, the Romans likely wrote over the accounts of the civilizations they took over, adapting the new provinces into their way of life and assimilating Roman culture into new facets of outlying territories way of life. The Roman Empire and Aug ustus had the ambition to expand north, going east of the Rhine where they had never gone, to take over new territory and the tribes thatRead MoreThe Roman Empire1551 Words   |  7 PagesStep 1: Plan What kind of technology in the Roman Empire affect its growth the most? I will be investigating from the start of the Roman Empire in 753 BCE to when the Western Roman Empire fell in 476 CE. This investigation will have a broad scope while investigating and include things from the Roman Legion to aqueducts and concrete. This investigation will not include technology that was not widely used to better the Roman Empire. The research question will answer my question by conducting researchRead MoreThe Roman Empire Essay1697 Words   |  7 Pages The Roman Empire, arguably one of the greatest civilizations to have ever ruled here on earth. The story is that it was founded by two brothers, Romulus and Remus, sons of Mars, the God of war, and raised by a she-wolf. After killing his brother for crossing his wall, Romulus went on to become the first king of Rome, which was named for him. Later when the men of Rome wanted noble women to be the mothers of their children, they conceived of a plan that included deceiving the Sabin’s and kidnappingRead MoreThe Roman Empire912 Words   |  4 PagesPaper B To many people, the mention of the Roman Empire invokes thoughts of gladiators, debauchery, and the abuse of power. To others, it brings visualizations of classic statues, beautiful temples, and mythological gods. The Roman Empire was all of that and more. The saying, â€Å"Rome wasn’t built in a day† is true and its fall and decline happened gradually as well. Ancient Rome has inspired volumes of historical works, theatrical plays, and even movies in more recent times. More specifically,Read MoreThe Roman Empire Essay1216 Words   |  5 Pagesvictory. Romulus’s story influenced many Romans but, what really happened was Romans were under Etruscan rule for many years as slaves until the Romans rebelled and overthrew their masters. Romans were discouraged by Greece thinking Rome would be easily swept away. Rome was attacked by many barbaric tribes including fighting a war with the Etruscans but triumphed again and again. Rome started with nothing and worked it s way to the top, as nothing could break the Roman spirit, and their drive to dominateRead MoreThe Roman Empire903 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the greatest empires in history is the Roman Empire, but ironically what makes it one of the greatest is also what lead it to start falling apart. In other words, many different factors lead Rome to its success and prosperity, but these factors also are the ones that initialize the ruin of the republic. Different authors such as Polybius, Cicero, Sallust and Plutarch describe several of these factors that lead the Roman Empire to its glory and failure. Polybius relates Rome’s success to its

Nazi Germany Free Essays

Nazi Germany relied heavily on control of the mass media of communications and expression and the mighty propaganda machine played a vital role in the Nazi party. In 1933 Hitler commented that (Lee, 30) â€Å"the art of propaganda lies in understanding the emotional ideas of the great masses and finding a way to the heart of the broad masses. † Propaganda was a means to gain and keep the support of the masses and the crude and over simplified weltanschaung (psychology) projected by Nazi propaganda inspired and overwhelmed millions of Germans, promoting the ideological goals of the regime and the creation of the ‘Fuhrer myth’. We will write a custom essay sample on Nazi Germany or any similar topic only for you Order Now Passive acceptance of the new regime was converted into active support and used to encourage Germans to pursue national socialistic goals. Through deliberate attempts to create a new social ritual, the Heil Hitler salute, Horst Wessel song and the supremacy of Militaristic uniforms were fabricated to strengthen the individuals identity with the regime. Music was carefully scrutinized and Jewish musicians such as Mendelson were removed from the list of composers, whilst special places were given to Opera’s of men such as Richard Wagner as they dealt with heroic German Legends from the past. Modern art was condemned as degenerate and any war and anti nazi ideology literature were burned in the ‘burning of the books’ on the 10th May 1933. Control of expression and communication is vital for a totalitarian state to be upheld and the Nazi’s were successful in indoctrinating its peoples and controlling both their expression and communication. According to Kershaw a totalitarian state requires passive and isolated population who are unable to respond however Gobbels turned passive Germans into active Germans. Propaganda during the Nazi regime was totalitarian in intent, however did not fulfill a totalitarian outcome. From a cultural perspective, Nazi Germany does not fit the social attributes of a totalitarian state whereby the people of the state are a passive population. Germans were encouraged to become part of the greater Volksgemeinschat (peoples community), and this is demonstrated in the Nuremberg rallies, where over one million Germans pledged their support to the Nazi Party through their presence. â€Å"Strength of Joy† a creation company that organised concerts where people would flock together, all in support of the Nazi Regime. The emphasis on group participation in social activities infiltrated all sections of society especially the youth. Young girls form the age of fourteen joined the Bund Deutscher Madel (League of German matrons and boys were encouraged to join the â€Å"Hitler Jugend. † Hitler youth had a membership of 3 500 000 14-18 year olds, a level of voluntary participation before it became law in 1936. Social activities and education for the youth were extremely well coordinated and schools were used for the purpose of indoctrination. All subjects particularly History and Biology were influenced by both the Nazi’s determinations to shape the minds of the younger generation as well as trying to achieve an Aryan Herronvolk (master race). Physical education (compromising 15% of school time), was important to encourage competition, enforce discipline and keep them young and healthy- in short pre-war training. Special schools – National Political Institute of Education- were provided for the most gifted and talented who were considered to be the future leaders of the third Reich. Despite the indoctrination of student, minority youth resistance groups still existed within the period of 1933-1942. White Rose, amongst the most effective condemned the killing of Jews as well as the ‘Swing; resistance group who opposed Hitler’s beliefs that Jazz and swing music were degenerate. Both groups however were ineffective and exposing led to imprisonment or death. Despite these splinter groups, all sections of society succumbed to the Nazi’s party direction for participation in both social activities and active support for the regime. The majority of the people embraced Hitler and Nazism with enthusiasm and willingness to support all of their endeavors. How to cite Nazi Germany, Papers Nazi Germany Free Essays

A Cross Industry Comparison of Customer Satisfaction

Question: Describe about A Cross Industry Comparison of Customer Satisfaction? Answer: Introduction TESCO is an international general merchandising and grocery retail organization, founded by Jack Cohen in the year 1924, now has an employee turnover of over 240,000 and has 2184 stores in only UK. It operates in six different formats of store which ranges from Tesco Express to Tesco Extra (Adebayo and Olonisakin, 2014). Over 75% of the group sales and the profits come from UK business only. The expansion of the operations comes from: Reaching over non-food retail services New space Multi-format approach Extensions to the existing stores The company operates in 15 markets worldwide and it highly relies on the ICT infrastructure to deliver steady and profitable operations of the business. Methodology The methodology of the report is based on two forms of data: Primary Data Secondary Data This will help in analyzing the report thoroughly. The primary data is based on the questionnaires and the interviews taken whereas the secondary data are based on the information from company websites, company reports and o5ther related journals and articles. Operation Management Of Tesco As the global competition is increasing the industry dealing in retail should continuously expand the capability of its operations and meet the unpredictable needs of the customers so as to do better than their competitors. TESCO in general has successfully been responsive to the risks, complexity and the competition under the ambitious and effective strategy of the companys operations (Anyesha, Hassan and Aboki, 2014). Specifically the strategy of operations of TESCO can be evaluated and analyzed from three aspects. They are: Corporate Strategy Business Unit Strategy Functional Strategy Perspective Of Corporate Strategy From the corporate strategy perspective, TESCO has closed many grocery stores in the year 1985. It had opened a lot of large supermarkets at the same under t6he CEO LanMac Lurin in the suburbs. Through the restructuring of the operations the company fundamentally established its business directions, format and focus. Currently it majorly operates 4 models of store which are Tesco Metro, Tesco Extra, Tesco Superstore and Tesco Express. These multi-format stores will not only make an increment in the flow of the customers but will also ensure that its total sales increase, that will guarantee profit from low price. Furthermore, with the saturation of the local market, demand of self-development and large competition, the company expanded its operations in the overseas market in due time and converted its format of store to international market such as Poland, China, Turkey. By the year 2005 the company operated in twelve countries. To some degree, TESCOs success in the expansion in the international market gave some approach in its corporate strategies (Barnes, 2011). Many companies could not handle its operations in the international market like TESCO. The company not only expanded successfully but it has also grown rapidly. The main factor is that the company treats its oversea markets with double prudence. The company can translate and localize the format of their store with the markets of the host countries which keeps the operation of the company smooth. TESCO depends on their capability which is of more importance than the store scale (Bode and Wagner, 2015). Perspective Of Business Unit And Functional Strategy Tesco sticks to the customer-centric perception from the very beginning and has shun many traditional approaches of retailing. The company has always been a step ahead of the competitors. Tescos most critical operation strategy states that the company should benefit its customers. Underneath the high concentration of the customer-centric conception, Tesco implements the strategy of low price policy and has initiated the Tesco club card for the loyalty of the customers. The company has been competing on its price from its inception. The vision of the company is to trade a broad range of its products as inexpensive as possible. The company keeps the prices of the products low via bulk purchasing (Govindan and Cheng, 2015). This avoids wastes and enhances the efficiency of the employee and also improves the design of the system of delivery. To realize a low cost in opposition to its competitors, the company has set up an international team sourcing which focuses on non-picking products of food from worldwide. The strategy of TESCO is to curtail the costs of the non-food products and increase the channel of purchase by procuring the items from the developing countries like India and China. Thus the strategy of offering at a lower price becomes a major competitive advantage that provides Tesco with success from the other retailers (Cannella, 2011). Five Performance Objectives The operation of Tesco requires the direction to manage its activities and resources. Five performance objectives are considered to be the dimensions of the overall performance of a company that satisfies the customers. There are five dimensions which are quality, dependability, flexibility, speed and cost. These dimensions make sure that the service that ids provided will meet the corporate goals and the requirements of the target markets and will distinguish itself from the competitors (Hanner et al., 2015). Quality Tesco has integrated the objective of its performance by making sure that the goods majorly the food products are of top-quality condition. This is done by efficient selection of the suppliers of Tesco. Furthermore the company makes sure that the goods do not take much time in the warehouses or not in shelves. The expiry dates of the goods are often checked to alleviate sale of substandard goods (Hassan and Parvez, 2013). Tesco performs audit on the suppliers to determine the quality of the products. The issues that the company checks are: Factory capability Hygiene condition in the preparation of food QMS (quality management system) Management of supply chain Dependability Tesco first does an accurate examine before the consignment of the courier system. This is how the company executes dependability in the organization. Tesco made sure that the delivery system is superior so that the customers can get the products promptly. If the customers wait for too long when the applicants are viable the company informs them quickly so that the customers do not have to9 wait unnecessarily and waste their time (Kim and Hallsworth, 2015). Flexibility Tesco has initiated their performance level by introducing new products and services continuously in line with the change in the tastes and preferences of the customers. Irish Yogurt can be one good example of Tescos innovation. When the company anticipated the modern trends of the customers progressing towards the natural products, it introduced Irish Yogurt. This yogurt is made by total natural ingredients. With the introduction of the products Tesco demonstrated its flexibility by considering the needs of the customers in the current scenario. Another flexibility example can be the introduction of the companys product line. The companys expansion and merger programs are also an example of flexibility which is why many stores are found outside UK (Plimmer, 2010). Speed Tesco has commenced the objective of speed in its daily customer handling in a faster pace when they are procuring items in the store. The attendants of the store are trained to be prompt in their service. Tesco also initiated online services which enable the customers to make the transactions over the internet. The customers can now avert wasting time in queuing while making their payments in the store or when trying to shift from one aisle to another for searching an item, they can do this by selecting their goods they want from the companys website simply (Rexhausen, Pibernik and Kaiser, 2012). The objective of the speed is also initiated in the process of Tescos operations in regard to the internal customers. Tesco is aware of the fact that the operation speed will directly affect the speed of other departments. Cost Tesco has initiated the objective of the operation by making sure that the objective of the performance are met by spending less on correcting the mistakes and making improvements in the efficiency of the process. Tesco has kept its costs at a level which is quite affordable for its customers which in turn made the customers loyal to Tesco (Tesco and Morrisons school report, 2014). Replenishment Cycle There are ten major replenishment activities that is followed by Tesco. The following diagram will show the same. Figure 1: Replenishment Cycle Tescos replenishment cycle sees the ten aspects of the cycle where it starts with merchandising and ends with building capacity (The entrepreneur's guide to financial statements, 2014). The following chart will explain elaborately. Merchandising Ordering Delivery Warehouse Stock Handling Correct space in every store. Completion of merchandise planning accurately Correct records of stock Forecasting of sales. Management of event Short lead time of the order Visibility of the schedule of the delivery. Accuracy in delivery. Confirmation of delivery automatically Layout of the warehouse. Design of the warehouse. Management of damages and wastes. Stock level in the warehouse. Pre and post sorting of the product Set Up Stock Movement Filling Routine of Stock Control Building of Capacity Setting up of the aisles. Process of handover between day and night. Congestion plan all hours. Movement of stock of the stores Process of filling. Plan for filling in days and nights Use of retail ready packaging. Counting of routine. Completion of the scanning of gap routine. Scanning of low line. Management of effective store duty Increment of capability of manager. Removal of absence and vacancies Capacity Strategy This is a relation between demand and supply within a time period. The principle of such planning is to make sure that an optimum match on capacity is there with demand. When it is reaches the optimum match, flexibility and dependability will increment (Xie and Allen, 2013). Figure 2: Capacity Strategy of Tesco Lead Capacity Strategy Tesco follows Lead Strategy as a part of capacity planning because they anticipate when there is an increment in demand. It is an aggressive strategy with an objective of attracting customers from the competitors so as to progress in the service level and reduction in lead time. It is a strategy of the company to reduce the stock out costs. A high capacity of the do not essentially mean that there is high inventory level, but it may entail in the costs of large cycle stock. Tesco ensures that it has sufficient capability to meet all the demand, even in the time of high growths. Tesco stays in an advantage by use of this strategy in a way that they can obstruct the competitors who may think of capacity expansion (Xie and Allen, 2013). Design Capacity This is the maximum output obtained or the usage of an operation that the designer had in mind at the beginning (Zhao, 2014). Tescos design capacity is to serve as many customers as 300 per hour which means every customer will take 1 minute to get served and there will be 5 checkouts along with it. So in one day, i.e., 16 hours Tesco can serve 4800 customers. The following diagram will show this elaborately: Figure 3: Design Capacity Recommendations Tesco to improve can make the managers measure the performance. There is an advantage in this organization that they can detect direction and make changes simultaneously. Change can be employed after considering the key performance objective of Tesco (Hanner et al., 2015). Tesco can improve its process by creativity from the staff. As the people who handle the process everyday they will know what is good. Tesco can discourage the idea of only marketing department planning the process. Tesco can try to benchmark. The company has many competitors both in the local and the international market. It can seek to evaluate the performance of the process and compare it with the competitors and then do the identification of the areas which need improvement. Staffs are available at the opening hours of Tesco so there should be staffs working at both the check outs. The physical space of the stores of Tesco should be increased as it limits the product amount which the company can stock (Barnes, 2011). References Adebayo, S. and Olonisakin, T. (2014). A Cross Industry Comparison of Customer Satisfaction: Do More Alternatives Mean More Satisfaction?. JMS, 5(4). Anyesha, A., Hassan, D. and Aboki, H. (2014). The Conquering Strategies of Oligopoly Firms. A review on entry Strategies of Tesco Company Plc in the UK and beyond. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(8), pp.06-15. Barnes, R. (2011). The great Tesco beauty gamble (the Tesco supermarket chains marketing strategy for breaking into the UK beauty services market). Strategic Direction, 27(7). Bode, C. and Wagner, S. (2015). Structural drivers of upstream supply chain complexity and the frequency of supply chain disruptions. Journal of Operations Management. Cannella, S. (2011). The impact of collaboration and smoothing replenishment rules on supply chain performance. 4OR-Q J Oper Res, 10(1), pp.109-110. Govindan, K. and Cheng, T. (2015). Sustainable supply chain management: Advances in operations research perspective. Computers Operations Research, 54, pp.177-179. Hanner, D., Hosken, D., Olson, L. and Smith, L. (2015). Dynamics in a Mature Industry: Entry, Exit, and Growth of Big-Box Grocery Retailers. Journal of Economics Management Strategy, 24(1), pp.22-46. Hassan, A. and Parvez, M. (2013). A Comparative Case Study Investigating the Adoption of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) The Case of Tesco and Sainsbury's. IJMVSC, 4(1), pp.1-10. Kim, W. and Hallsworth, A. (2015). Tesco in Korea: Regulation and Retail Change. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, p.n/a-n/a. Plimmer, G. (2010). Scoring points: How Tesco continues to win customer loyalty. Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, 9(4), pp.377-378. Rexhausen, D., Pibernik, R. and Kaiser, G. (2012). Customer-facing supply chain practicesThe impact of demand and distribution management on supply chain success. Journal of Operations Management, 30(4), pp.269-281. Tesco and Morrisons school report. (2014). Strategic Direction, 30(2), pp.18-20. The entrepreneur's guide to financial statements. (2014). Choice Reviews Online, 51(11), pp.51-6290-51-6290. Xie, Y. and Allen, C. (2013). Information technologies in retail supply chains: a comparison of Tesco and Asda. IJBPSCM, 5(1), p.46. Xie, Y. and Allen, C. (2013). Information technologies in retail supply chains: a comparison of Tesco and Asda. IJBPSCM, 5(1), p.46. Zhao, S. (2014). Analyzing and Evaluating Critically Tescos Current Operations Management. Journal of Management and Sustainability, 4(4).

Comparative Commercial Contracts-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Questions: 1.List and Explain briefly each of the Components required to demonstrate that a binding Contract exists. 2.Does a Contract have to be in writing to be Binding? 3.What is a Formal Contract? Explain the formalities of such a contract and give two examples. 4.Analyse this Issue Lotto Company in terms of Contract law 5.Why is it Important under law to Distinguish between a party who is an agent for a principal, from that of an Independent Contractor? Answers: 1.Elements of a Binding Contract- Contracts can either be written or oral depending on the key elements which must be present; offer acceptance and consideration with the intention of creating an agreement which is legally binding. Also,there should be capacity and legality. Offer- An offer is made when one party proposes and is accepted by the other party. This should be distinguished from mere intentions to negotiate. It is a forbearance or a return promise, for the exchange of performance for the promise. It demonstrates the willingness to enter into the bargain so that the other party's willingness is justified as a conclusion of the agreement. An offer should have terms which are certain and intent to enter into a contract (Cross, Miller,2012) There should also be acceptance which is a definite and unconditional agreement set out in the offer. It can be written or oral, and has to reflect the originally made offer. Consideration- the parties to the contract must receive something of value or significant, in which in the absence of such a thing, they would be disadvantaged. Capacity- capacity covers mental capability of a person to enter a contract. It covers infancy and mental competence to enter into a contract. If one of the parties does not have the mental competence to sign a contract, then a contract will not be binding. Similarly, those considered as children under the law, mostly 18 years and in other countries like America 16 years are considered to lack capacity to consent and hence enter into a valid contract. Intention to be legally bound by agreement- There should also be the intention to create binding relations. If a person A promises person B to give them money so as to go somewhere together, and person A fails to give money to B after going together, then person A cannot be sued for the money because their intentions at the promise were more of social as opposed to creating an agreement which is legally binding (Bowrey, Handler, Nicol, 2015).. 2.Do Contracts have to be in Writing to Be binding A contract can be oral or written, but certain contracts are not binding and enforceable unless they are in writing. Such contracts include contracts of sale and buying of land and mortgage contracts. Agreements of sale and finance credit agreements for consumers. Most oral contracts are enforceable but difficult to prove the details of the agreement. If an agreement is not in writing, the elements of a valid contract should be fulfilled. In Gordon V Macgregor (1909) 8CLR 316, High Court of Australia the CJ held that when an oral contract is entered into in writing then the written contract is the only evidence which will be administered in court, unless it is proven that the written contract did not embody all the factors in the agreement (Ayres, Ayres, 2012). Oral agreements are generally legally binding as long as they are conscionable, made in good faith equitable and reasonable. Oral contracts also require consent and mutual understanding where both parties are aware of what is going on. If for example a person hires a cleaner, both parties should know how many rooms are being cleaned. Oral contracts are difficult to enforce because they present many difficulties. Other contracts are silent and do not even require words like going to a convenience store and purchasing bread. Written contracts have some advantages; they are definite and clear, and the signatures of both parties are in record to show the intentions to be legally bound. To sum up, when there is good faith when parties come into a transaction, it important that a contract is put into writing so as to avoid disputes. The parole rule of evidence prevents outside evidence on oral agreements where there are no ambiguous aspects. In Joachim V Weldon 1962 OK 276, the court held that if an oral contract is to be enforced by a court of equity, the evidence should be clear, forcible and content in a way that there is not reasonable doubt as to the terms of the contract. The judicial preference is to use the aspects of written contracts. When a contract is written, most of the aspects which should be construed are out of the window (Latimer, 2012). 3.Formalities of a contract A formal contract is a contract which contains the necessary elements of a contract and is put into writing. An informal contract does not necessarily contain all the necessary elements of a contract and can time be oral. The difference between the contracts is how enforceable they can be in a court of law. Most cases do not require contracts to comply with formalities. However, there are certain impositions by the statute in particular contracts. The statute of Frauds 1677 UK provides the requirements for such contracts. In Australia, formalities to protect consumers require that consumers are given copies of contracts as a term to make proving such contacts easier. In contracts for the sale of land, they should be written and signed by the parties involved according to Section 126. If such dispositions are not put into writing, an action cannot be brought against a person. This is seen in the Victorian Act Instruments Act 1958 (Vic). Accordingly, consumer contracts and contracts of guarantee require written and signed agreements before an action is brought against a person. If there are two different notes of the memorandum, they can be joined together if there is a signature on one note and terms in the other. However, there must refer to each other by implication or expressly. This is seen in Elias v George Saheley Co Barbados Ltd (1983) 1C AC 646 where the document can include a mark or a sign of the individual to show the contract or document was recognized by the parties, by putting a mark. If the requirements of 126 are not met, then a contract is considered invalid (Mehta, 2012) In Australia, formalities generally exist to prevent fraud. However, in the doctrine of part performance contracts are enforceable in part despite non-compliance with the necessary formalities, as we see in the case of McBride v Sundland (1918) 25 CLR 69. However, difficulty arises in determining acts which constitute such performance. Commercial contracts should be written or recorded in documents. If a contract is written, it should be signed by the parties to an agreement or on behalf of the parties. Contracts are usually signed at the end of the document by convention. However, parties can choose how the contracts will come into effect without formal signatures or when faxed signature pages are exchanged. If there is a deviation of the custom form of entering the contract, it is important that parties record an agreement to that effect to have evidence of the agreement to that effect. Many options exist nowadays including digital signatures. If such signatures are used on a draft contract, then the contract will be effective. The instinctive preference would be to use the digital signatures while sending an email; such would require a conscious effort than just logging into a person's computer and sending their email. IP assignments need to be in writing and should be executed as conveyancing documents, deeds, and real property. Under English laws, these are rather exceptions than a rule. 4.The issue in this scenario is whether the lottery price should be shared between the contributors of the ticket A gambling contract is a contract which there is the performance of one party which is contingent on the outcome of a bet which is enforceable in most jurisdictions by statute. The scenario given is an example of a gaming and gambling contract. When the price is paid and there is a winning lottery, the person who pays and wins owns the money prima facie. However, in the scenario above, everyone contributes $2 to the lottery ticket which wins. One group is tasked with buying the ticket, and upon winning the purchaser does not feel like the rest of the members need to have a share in the price. From the above scenario, we see a verbal contract which can be difficult to prove because the court cannot precisely determine what took place. This, however, does not mean that the court will not enforce the contract. The risk in the scenario is the ambiguity of the contract and the burden of proving what transpired between the interested parties. So we see a group of people having the burden of proving that they had a share in the prize, and they have an equal share in the prize. Therefore, it is just not a social arrangement ( Kozolchyk, 2014). The group can prove interested in the prize, by demonstrating their intentions at the paying of the $2.which was that all parties benefit equally if any prize is won. Therefore, if they can prove that, it will be the courts job to decide whether there was a formation of a contract and the stakes of the parties involved in the process. The court will further decide if a breach occurred and whether the parties are entitled to damages, like specific performance, where whoever holds the money gives everyone in the group their entitled amount. The only problem which may arise is if the parties are not able to clearly identify and point out the terms of the agreement. Therefore, the parties are entitled to the expected sum, if they can prove there was the existence of an oral contract. 5.Implications of a principal agent relationship and that of an independent contractor An agency relationship is a fiduciary relationship where the agent acts as if it were the principal acting. There is a manifestation of consent in agency relationship where the agent is subject to consent and control of the principal. The instructions of the principal are binding on the agent. Also, the actions of the agent are binding to the principal. An independent contractor uses their own equipment and resources in carrying out their work. The terms of a contract are binding to the independent contractor. The acts of an independent contractor, as opposed to the agent, are not binding to their employer. AN independent contractor also carries out duties and functions independently, and they are not controlled by their employees, and their omissions or acts are not binding to their employees. An agent also works to benefit the principal and even makes third party contracts on behalf of the principal. An independent contractor works for their employee and receives payment for the wo rk done; and just works to fulfill their duties (Hammer,2016). An agency relationship could be apparent or implied authority. Implied or apparent authority can be assumed by an outsider where it appears as if there is the authority. Consequently, the company or principal will be prevented from denying the existence of such authority. For apparent or implied authority to be asserted, someone with actual authority should represent the person's authority by appointment to a certain position or allow such person to carry out certain activities. In appointment to a certain position, in the daily running of a company, the director binds the company while implementing daily running of company activities. An example of allowing someone to carry out certain activities is the activities of directors or senior executives over time are binding to a company. In agency, however, the agent has to act within the limits of the given authority, and if they act ultra vires, they can be liable for activities which are carried out outside the given authority. If a m anager is given the mandate to act as a manager their mandate does not extend to selling the entire company. In agency relationship also, the agent can be liable for not performing due diligence while carrying out their day to day activities. The agent also has the duty to not let their interest conflict with the principal, not to disclose confidential documents, not to make secret profits and not to delegate authority Braun, Starlinger, 2011). In Independent contractual relationships, have wide discretion in carrying out their activities, they can make decisions outside the employer's knowledge. References Anderson, J. (2011). Sports Betting: Law and Policy (Northern Ireland). In Sports Betting: Law and Policy (pp. 602-627). TMC Asser Press. Anderson, P. M., Blackshaw, I. S., Siekmann, R. C., Soek, J. (Eds.). (2012). Sports betting: law and policy. TMC Asser Press. Ayres, I., Ayres, I. (2012). Studies in Contract Law. Foundation Press. Bowrey, K., Handler, M., Nicol, D. (2015). Australian Intellectual Property: Commentary, Braun, I., Starlinger, A. (2011). Sports Betting. Law and Policy in Austria. In Sports Betting: Law and Policy (pp. 219-235). TMC Asser Press. Burrows, A. S. (2016). A restatement of the English law of contract. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. Cross, F. B., Miller, R. L. (2012). The Legal Environment of Business: Text and Cases Davis, M. H., Miller, A. R. (2013). Intellectual property: patents, trademarks, and copyright Dunklee, D. R., Shoop, R. J. (2006). The principal's quick-reference guide to school law: Reducing liability, litigation, and other potential legal tangles. Corwin Press. Economy Perspective. Routledge. Ethical, Regulatory, Global, and Corporate Issues. Cengage Learning. Hammer, L. (2016). Comparative Commercial Contracts: Law, Culture and Economic Development. By BORIS KOZOLCHYK. in a nutshell. West Group. Kelleher Jr, T. J., Abernathy IV, T. E., Bell Jr, H. J., Reed, S. L., Smith, C., Hancock, L. L. P. (2010). Smith, Currie Hancock's Federal Government Construction Contracts: A Practical Guide for the Industry Professional. John Wiley Sons. Kozolchyk, B. (2014). Comparative Commercial Contracts: Law, Culture and Economic Development (Hornbook Series): Law, Culture and Economic Development. West Academic. Landy, G. K. (2008). The IT/digital legal companion: a comprehensive business guide to software, Internet, and IP law: includes contracts and web forms. Syngress. Latimer, P. (2012). Australian Business Law 2012. CCH Australia Limited. Law and Practice.