The Segregation Of The United States - 1292 Words

The Union was in a state of exceedingly high tension as it split into two on the issue of slavery. It was a question of moral integrity and whether it should be allowed to continue. Racism permeated the institution of slavery. The color of a man’s skin did not keep him from fighting for freedom in the wars that took place in America, although it was a way white people sought to justify their mistreatment of them. Slaves were viewed as inferior beings by southern whites and as the abolition movement gained momentum in the north, the slave owners began to see northerners as inferior as well for sympathizing with such barbarians. The Dred Scott case only serves to further this point; slaves were by law not seen as citizens. Consequently,†¦show more content†¦It began in 1619, in Jamestown, Virginia when African slaves were brought as an incredibly prolific and cheap source of labor; quickly becoming the backbone for much agricultural profit. There’s no doubt th at, economically speaking, slavery was an extraordinary institution for gaining wealth; so powerful was this concept that it formed the basis of the Southern economy. Though they worked primarily on tobacco, rice, and indigo plantations in the 17th and 18th centuries, the later advent of the cotton gin saved the South and provided a machine that could increase the productivity of the slaves and the amount of cotton that they could export, further proving that slave labor was a crucial part of the South’s economy. The conflicting ideologies on slavery in the North and South clashed heavily, inevitably leading to the South’s secession from the Union. Abraham Lincoln wished to suffocate slavery in the states in which it already existed by not allowing the institution to expand into the new territories. In his house divided speech he says â€Å"In my opinion, it will not cease, until a crisis shall have been reached, and passed. ‘A house divided against itself canno t stand.’ I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free.† The two mindsets could not coexist forever as they were vastly different. The issue of morality in slavery clearly had split in half with the justification for pro-slaveryShow MoreRelatedSegregation Of The United States1305 Words   |  6 PagesSegregation in the United States, legal or social practice of separating people on the basis of their race or ethnicity. Segregation has been prohibited in the United States since the mid-1960s . All over America there seems to be painfully obvious difference in the school systems which cater to the upper class minority and the ones that serve the lower and middle class minority. There is a strong undercurrent of racial inequality in today s school systems, which negativelyRead MoreThe Segregation Of The United States1546 Words   |  7 Pagesof segregation in the United States. A lot has changed in the past fifty years since segregation ended. The United States shifted from arresting African Americans for using â€Å"white only† facilities to integrated schools all over the country. Influential individuals such as Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr helped pave the way for African Americans to live as equals to along with their white counterparts in the United States of America. What is Segregation In 1896 the United States SupremeRead MoreSegregation Of The United States1357 Words   |  6 Pagescountry is a great example of segregation because we not only segregate by race, but by gender and sexual orientation as well. America was founded on preconceived expectations of gender and race leading to a segregation of consciousness that structures opinions around the injustices of stereotypes. For years, our country prided itself on being called the melting pot of culture and diversity; when in all honesty, we are not what we claimed to be. The citizens of the United States judge everyone based onRead MoreThe Segregation Of The United States2068 Words   |  9 PagesThe United States prides itself as a nation with a government that treats its citizens with equality regardless of race and ethnicity. Based on this country’s legal actions, is that an accurate description? The people of the United States are divided into different groups based on the color of their skin. The divisions created racism and eventually led to segregation. The segregation of African Americans and white people led to the passing of the Jim Crow laws. These laws strengthened Southern segregationRead MoreThe Segregation Of The United States844 Words   |  4 Pagesall believed that segregation was right when it came to the education system. When the time came to Desegreted School it was meet by resistant, but the effects of this historical movement can still be seen in the 21st century. Segregated schools began in result of the Jim Crow laws, which stated races where to have separate accommodation in public. The Supreme Court in the beginning said that segregation as was legal as long as it was equal. However, when it comes to segregation the truth is nothingRead MoreThe Segregation Of The United States938 Words   |  4 Pagesgroups that human beings can be divided into based on shared distinctive physical traits.† (Mirriam-Webster) However, ideas about race have been altered over time. There have been many laws passed that limit the number of immigrants allowed in the United States. For example, the Johnson-Reed Immigration Act of 1924 limited the number of immigrants allowed in the U.S. based on a racial census and completely excluded Asian immigrants. Only 2% of the total number of people of each nationality as of the 1890Read MoreRacial Segregation And The United States2133 Words   |  9 PagesIn the United States, inequalities are an unfortunate evil that resonate throughout low-income individuals and minorities. Though these problems are sometimes viewed as coincidences, in the past and even in the present, there have been legislation put in place that have negatively affected specific populations in the US. Because of the injustices in the system socially constructed ideologies about race, ethnicity, and poverty, and our lacking health care system, many people experience inequalitiesRead MoreRacial Segregation Of The United States1508 Words   |  7 PagesWe have issues. More specifically the United States has issues, continuous and all encompassing issues of racial inequality.The United States is experiencing a outburst of racism, as can be seen from the 2014 killings of two unarmed African-American men, to the brutality of white supremacy in Charleston and the string of arsons in black churches across the South. Of course, it’s nothing new for a nation with a long history of extreme racist violence—the most r ecent lynching-related death occurredRead MoreRacial Segregation And The United States2215 Words   |  9 Pages Racial segregation has been embedded in southern society ever since the birth of the America. However, even though documents such as Brown vs. Board of Education and the fourteenth amendment has been instituted into the constitution, we are still facing racial segregation throughout America that is unconstitutional and unjust. The south of America, especially Alabama, are facing several claims of racial tension in their prison system and their way to solve the tension between the black and whiteRead MoreRacial Segregation Within The United States780 Words   |  4 Pagespatterns of residential segregation in their attempts to answer such a question. Massey and Denton explore racial residential segregation in the United States throughout the 20th century. They argue that the making and concentration of the (African American) underclass in inner cities resulted from institutional and interpersonal racism in the housing market that perpetuates already existing racial segregation. Simil arly, Reardon and colleagues conclude that residential segregation by income level occurs

Alignment of IT and Business Free Essays

IT and business alignment is the best system for modern strategic management of organizations because it reduces the overall costs of operations, promotes effective communication in a company, and enhances faster response and evaluation of business progress.   Besides, it sets a platform for faster changes by an organization in future. However, IT and business alignment has proved to be one of the most difficult aspect for most organizations. We will write a custom essay sample on Alignment of IT and Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Over 75% of the companies and institutions have not fully aligned IT with their management systems.   However, over 80% of them have partially embraced IT especially in the top management levels (Aileen, 2008). IT and business alignment is an ongoing process that optimizes the IT mechanisms and business management operations at all levels.   It carves the correct climate whereby IT becomes a major strategic enabler of all the business operations. Lack of effective leadership in business operations According to Roland (2008) effective leadership in a business setting acts as a major platform and a guiding icon towards the correct direction for an organization.   Arguably, it is the role of the business leaders to pro-actively identify the most important aspects that would enhance higher levels of sustainability. Notably, small mistakes taken by conservative rigid leaders are referred as minor shenanigans and mostly not factored in business operations until it has sank into great losses.   Most of the leaders are directly engrossed into the past methods of business operations based on raw products and finished products simplified systems of accounting.   Many organizations are unable to link the extra IT cost to be incurred by the business and the returns to be achieved. As indicated by majority of the large companies that have embraced IT in their systems like Wal-Mart and JP Morgan Chase, the returns are not instant and may take time before the respective advantages are realized.   Arguably, IT/ Business alignment is a process as opposed to a one day operation. After launching its Point of Sale services that would link Citibank with its major financial operations information centers, the Bank had to wait for some months before realizing the expected goals (Mahesh, 2007). Poor focus into the future and conservatism Analysts have linked hardship to articulate IT and business hardships to three superimposed factors of business management namely tactic, strategy, and innovation.   The three factors are effectively superimposed on each other and simultaneously operate for or against IT/ business alignment depending with the prevailing environment. Lack of effective tactics and strategy by business makes the overall demand for modernization to appear vague (Malcolm Keith, 2007).   Notably, many companies and organizations especially in areas with reduced competition have been slow in aligning IT and their business operations. Southwest Airlines managing director cited his company’s success as a product of effective tactic that incorporated customer and staff management through information technology that assists the airline to respond faster to all the consumer need. Arguably, the current economic down turn could have affected them very negatively as the company offers low cost flights in US (Ann, 2007). Henersen Venkartraman (1993) points out that poor innovative capacity by organization forms a major stepping block of growth, and development.   Arguably, alignment of IT and business demands high levels of innovative capacity that carves new ways of operating the old models. This has been indicated as one of the hardest nut to crack especially where leaders are greatly old fashioned.   This has been cited as the major setback especially where people manage their own premises as opposed to professionals. There is generally lack of effective cost benefit analysis to determine the overall suitability of the alignment. Organizations financial ability To add to that, lack of enough finances has slowed or hindered many company’s operations alignment with IT.   Arguably, establishment of IT infrastructure is a costly venture that requires correct budgeting in effecting the overall venture. Though analysts have differed on the statement that finances form the key aspect in aligning IT and business operations, it is clear that very little can be achieved without enough funds (Aileen, 2008). Though the cost of installation and establishing the correct IT systems in business has relatively declined, the overall maintenance and possible establishment of new IT operations department demands enough funds especially at the beginning.   This has been a major cause of failure especially in the last three years when companies’ have are trying to reduce the overall cost as much as possible. Conclusion IT/ business alignment is the best system for modern strategic management for effecting change and maximizing profits.   Effective leadership demands that balance is taken to ensure increased focus into the future that will be defined and established on the basis of IT assimilation in the business. Lean management should be assimilated in organizations through IT and business alignment’s as a mode of reducing the overall wasteful systems in its operations.   Businesses should embark on international studies to establish the facts and the vast advantages that are derived from IT alignment in business management operations. How to cite Alignment of IT and Business, Papers

Assessment of IQ in Children and Adolescent is a Poor Predictor of Sch

Question: Write an essay on the topic "Assessment of IQ in children and adolescent is a poor predictor of school achievement". Answer: For more than a century, it was believed that intelligence quotient is the measure of how clever people are and the elite society have always used the test to find out the intelligence of subpar applicants. However, scientists have dismissed this scale as a myth as they found that our intelligence is a combination of at least three results of our mental alertness. There are different kinds of circuits within the brain, and it is used for different thought processes. As per the researchers verbal skills, reasoning and short-term memory skills are needed to measure the overall intelligence of an individual (Duckworth et al., 2012). This is an argumentative essay and it shall contain reasons and arguments as to why intelligence quotient tests are a poor predictor of assessment of intelligence in school achievement. Scores on intelligence tests were originally used as a formula that involved calculation. Therefore, the tests were known as intelligence quotient or IQ scores. Though we continue to use the term IQ, intelligence quotient test scores are no longer dependent on the earlier formula. However, students having high IQ typically do well in school; however, one cannot conclude that their high level of success is actually an outcome of their intelligence (Ganz et al., 2013). The first argument that depends on this proposition is that, other than intelligence, many factors such as family resources, parental support, motivation and peer group expectations are the other factors that are involved in support of their success. It has been seen that many students who have IQ perform badly in class and others who have a low IQ do comparatively better in class. IQ tests do not depend on certain specific topics it is as overall determination of our intelligence (Kaufman et al., 2015). For example, IQ contains questions that are based on reasoning, analysis and general knowledge whereas, school tests contains questions that are subject specific and students get enough time for preparation of that subject. Hence, one cannot relate results of intelligence quotient with academic success of the child. The second argument that can be stated in favour of the proposition is that intelligence quotient tests have a restricted shelf life. While it is true that IQ scores do a reasonable job for predicting students school performance but for a short period, may be for a year or two but for a longer run one cannot depend on the results of the IQ tests for determining success especially when the child in is preschool or in the elementary years. Intelligence, changes with change in time, thus how it is measured should also change. The longer the time gap between intelligence, the higher are the chances of fluctuation in intelligence (Grinblatt et al., 2012). The cognitive ability and IQ scores of children increase with time when children are highly motivated and along with proper motivation other stimulating factors and a variety of reading materials is helpful. Hence, it shall be wrong to relate directly the IQ scores with school success and achievement. However, this is not the case always, many modern intelligence tests and techniques have been developed that predicts precisely how well students are able to perform in classrooms. Studies have repeatedly shown that students are likely to perform better in class who have high intelligence quotient scores and that it is correlated with one another. Based on the findings, it was seen that on an average, children with higher IQ scores do better in class as compared to those who have low level of IQ and they completed more years of education. Hence, with this finding it may be concluded that IQ scores often predict school achievement, though imprecisely. This is the reason why many psychologists depend on modern IQ test scores to determine the relationship between IQ test scores and school achievement (Berliner and Glass, 2014). Additionally, IQ tests comprises of questions related to reasoning ability and working memory tests. If as a student, one has the power to reason and understand things and has the capability of memorising things then as a student one may definitely be good in academics. As school life learning, is also related to understanding of subjects and reasoning them appropriately (Mesquita et al., 2016). If we rely on the counter arguments that reason the ability of determining school success depending on IQ test results, the logic presented may be refuted depending on the following points. Firstly, as stated in the counter argument, that modern IQ test scores depend on modern skills and techniques and are more reliable as compared to the earlier techniques. However, modern techniques and skills are not always reliable, as IQ scores do not cover all the variations as revealed by the tests. They fail to take into consideration that for determining academic success certain subjects need to be focused. For example, a student of mathematics may be good at solving mathematical calculations however; he may be bad at logical reasoning. This happens, as there are individual differences in the processing of information related to numbers and figures (Ritchie et al., 2013). Secondly, memorising and reasoning ability has nothing to do with academic learning. Academic learning requires understan ding of particular subjects in which individual differences occur depending on the interests of that person in that subject. For example, a student may be good in history as he has interest in learning and understanding history, whereas, he may be bad in science, as he does not have any interest in learning and understanding that subject. In such a scenario, IQ scores have no role to play in academic success (Wilsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ching et al., 2013). Conclusively, it may be stated that since IQ test scores are not subjective in nature and cover a wide range of objectives in their analysis and reasoning, hence, it is wrong to use the test scores of IQ as a predictor in school achievement. Based on the arguments, facts, reasoning and examples it may be concluded that IQ test scores are a poor predictor of school achievement. References: Berliner, D.C. and Glass, G.V. eds., 2014.50 myths and lies that threaten America's public schools: The real crisis in education. Teachers College Press. Duckworth, A. L., Quinn, P. D., Tsukayama, E. (2012). What No Child Left Behind leaves behind: The roles of IQ and self-control in predicting standardized achievement test scores and report card grades.Journal of educational psychology,104(2), 439. Ganz, P. A., Kwan, L., Castellon, S. A., Oppenheim, A., Bower, J. E., Silverman, D. H., ... Belin, T. R. (2013). Cognitive complaints after breast cancer treatments: examining the relationship with neuropsychological test performance.Journal of the National Cancer Institute, djt073. Grinblatt, M., Keloharju, M., Linnainmaa, J. T. (2012). IQ, trading behavior, and performance.Journal of Financial Economics,104(2), 339-362. Kaufman, A. S., Raiford, S. E., Coalson, D. L. (2015).Intelligent testing with the WISC-V. John Wiley Sons. Mesquita, C., Nazar, B.P., Pinna, C.M., Rabelo, B., Serra-Pinheiro, M.A., Sergeant, J. and Mattos, P., 2016. How can Continuous Performance Test help to assess inattention when Mood and ADHD symptoms coexist?.Psychiatry Research. Ritchie, S. J., Bates, T. C., Der, G., Starr, J. M., Deary, I. J. (2013). Education is associated with higher later life IQ scores, but not with faster cognitive processing speed.Psychology and aging,28(2), 515. Wilsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ching, M., Pascoe, L., Doyle, L. W., Anderson, P. J. (2014). Effects of correcting for prematurity on cognitive test scores in childhood.Journal of paediatrics and child health,50(3), 182-188.

Should humans drink milk free essay sample

Milk has been used for human consumption for thousands and thousands of years, as proven by cave drawings showing cows being milked. Today, cows milk is still one of the most popular animal milks consumed by humans. Around the world, people drink the milk from many other animals including camels, goats, llamas, reindeer, sheep, and water buffalo. We have all heard the popular saying, â€Å"Milk, it does a body good†, on TV or on the radio but is milk really good for us? Some people are beginning to think that milk is more harmful than beneficial. Opponents of consuming milk state that it causes obesity, cancer, heart disease, and allergies. Proponents of drinking milk say that all the calcium and vitamins in milk make milk a much needed staple in our diet and that milk can strengthen bones, help make your teeth strong and healthy, and prevent cancer. Well with that conflicting information, who is right? Let’s take a look at some history on milk before we make our decision. We will write a custom essay sample on Should humans drink milk? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Scientists believe that Neolithic farmers in Britain and Northern Europe may have been among the first to begin milking cattle for human consumption. The dairying activities of these European farmers may have begun as early as 6,000 years ago. According to scientists, the ability to digest milk was slowly gained some time between 5000-4000 B. C. E. by the spread of a genetic mutation called lactase persistence that allowed post-weaned humans to continue to digest milk. (http://milk. procon. org/view. resource. php? resourceID=000832) Archeological evidence also shows that the Ancient Sumerians drank cows milk and also made cows milk into cheeses and butters. The ancient Hebrews held milk in high favor; the earliest Hebrew Scriptures contain evidence of the widespread use of milk from very early times. The Old Testament refers to a land which floweth with milk and honey some twenty times. The phrase describes Palestine as a land of extraordinary fertility, providing all the comforts and necessities of life. In all, the Bible contains some fifty references to milk and milk products. So there is strong evidence of people drinking milk throughout history. So why are people now questioning if we should be drinking milk? When we are talking about milk, what we are talking about? The Britannica Encyclopedia offered the following description: Milk is Liquid secreted by the mammary glands of female mammals to nourish their young. The milk of domesticated animals is also an important food source for humans. Most milk consumed in Western countries is from cows; other important sources include sheep, goats, water buffalo, and camels. Milk is essentially an emulsion of fat and protein in water, along with dissolved sugar, minerals (including calcium and phosphorous), and vitamins, particularly vitamin B complex. Commercially processed cows milk is commonly enriched with vitamins A and D. So we are not just talking about cow’s milk, we are talking about any other animal milk. For the purpose of this essay, we are not talking about human milk. There are people who oppose the drinking of milk for ethical reasons and also for health reasons. PETA for example, has an anti-milk drinking campaign at milksucks. com and is opposed to the drinking of milk due to their opinion that it’s animal cruelty to milk the cows. On their website they state that cows are mistreated from birth until death. The babies are ripped from their mothers and the mothers are forced to produce 10 times the amount of milk that they would normally produce with the help of injections of drugs. They claim this shortens the life span of these cattle and makes them lame when they are finally retired from milking just to be butchered. Painful inflammation of the mammary glands, or mastitis, is common among cows raised for their milk, and it is one of dairy farms most frequently cited reasons for sending cows to slaughter. There are about 150 bacteria that can cause the disease, one of which is E. coli. Symptoms are not always visible, so milks somatic cell count (SCC) is checked to determine whether the milk is infected. Somatic cells include white blood cells and skin cells that are normally shed from the lining of the udder. As in humans, white blood cells—also known as pus—are produced as a means of combating infection. The SCC of healthy milk is below 100,000 cells per milliliter; however, the dairy industry is allowed to combine milk from all the cows in a herd in order to arrive at a bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC). Milk with a maximum BTSCC of 750,000 cells per milliliter can be sold. A BTSCC of 700,000 or more generally indicates that two-thirds of the cows in the herd are suffering from udder infections. When you are picking the milk to drink, the skim milk has the least white blood cells in it with the whole milk having the most white blood cells. Some people think that dairy products contribute to a number of health problems. They claim they can impair a childs ability to absorb iron and in very small children can even cause subtle blood loss from the digestive tract. Combined with the fact that milk has virtually no iron of its own, the result is an increased risk of iron deficiency. Also several studies have been published showing a high positive correlation between milk consumption in different countries and rates of death a few years later from Coronary Heart Disease. Studies have suggested that some of the nutritional benefits of milk may be lost when a lactose intolerant individual consumes milk. Not only does this person fail to receive the calories normally supplied by the undigested carbohydrates, but the resulting diarrhea may lead to loss of protein as well. Some people also believe that drinking milk can cause cancer. One reason milk consumption may lead to a cancer risk is insulin-like growth factor, IGF-1. Milk contains IGF-1 for good reason: milk is designed for babies, and IGF-1 helps us grow. IGF-1 affects growth, as well as other functions, and is normally found in our blood. Higher levels of IGF-1, however, appear to stimulate cancer cells. Three, large, well-designed studies in which dietary intake was assessed among cancer-free women who were followed over time to see who developed ovarian cancer, showed an increased risk of ovarian cancer among women with high intakes of milk and lactose. If women took in a daily increase of 10 grams of lactose, about the amount in one glass of milk, their risk of ovarian cancer increased by 13 percent. Exactly how the dairy foods may boost risk isnt known, but lactose produces galactose and glucose, and galactose has been thought to increase the risk by direct toxicity to the ovarian germ cells. Some people also blame milk for causing early puberty. Girls in the U. S. and other industrialized nations are now reaching puberty at drastically earlier ages. Two factors proven responsible for precocious puberty are detached parenting and consumption of cows milk. Cows milk has a high fat content, high levels of hormones and growth factors, and other chemicals from highly medicated cows. There are also people who believe that drinking milk hinders your body’s ability to digest properly. Some people think it is odd that humans are the only mammals who continue to drink milk after we are weaned from our mothers. There is also a belief that pasteurized cow’s milk can be one of the biggest culprits of allergies in children, and may be one of the contributing factors in behavioral issues of some children. On the other hand, there are people who believe that drinking milk is one of the best things we can do for our health. Milk is one-stop shopping for nutrition. It contains nearly all the basic nutrients that a growing child needs: fats, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals. While it is true that most of the nutrients in milk can be gotten easily from other sources, such as vegetables, legumes, and seafood, milk puts them all together in a convenient package. Realistically, children eat or drink dairy products in greater amounts and more consistently than other foods. While whole milk is not the only way to get calcium in a childs diet, its the most practical way. Some people believe that milk can help build strong bones. Findings from ongoing studies indicate that four to five servings/day of calcium-rich foods such as milk and other dairy products are needed to optimize peak bone mass during adolescence. Osteoporosis is a pediatric disease with geriatric consequences. With low calcium intake levels during important bone growth periods, todays youth faces a serious public health problem in the future. Some people also believe that drinking more milk can aide in weight loss. Mounting research indicates that consuming more calcium in the diet particularly from calcium-rich dairy foods can speed up weight loss and reduce body fat, particularly abdominal fat. Consuming dairy products appears to help prevent body weight and fat gain in children and adults, Caucasians and African-Americans, males and females. In addition, dairy foods have proven to be more effective than calcium alone in moderating body weight/fat gain and accelerating weight/fat loss. The mix of essential nutrients in dairy foods, including calcium and protein, appears to speed up metabolism and improve the bodys ability to burn fat. Milk is a very convenient way to include calcium in our diets. The largest source of dietary calcium for most persons is milk and other dairy products, which accounts for 72% of the calcium in the US food supply. Sixty-five percent of the dietary calcium intake in children in the United States is supplied by dairy products. Drinking three 8-oz glasses of milk  per day will achieve the recommended adequate intake of calcium in children 4 to 8 years of age, and four 8- to 10-oz glasses of milk will provide the adequate calcium intake for adolescents. Most vegetables contain calcium, although at relatively low density. So, large servings are needed to equal the total intake achieved with typical servings of dairy products. So should you drink animal milk or shouldn’t you? I think when it comes down to it, that has to be your personal choice. I have laid out the pros and the cons for both, now you get to decide.