Nazi Germany Free Essays

Nazi Germany relied heavily on control of the mass media of communications and expression and the mighty propaganda machine played a vital role in the Nazi party. In 1933 Hitler commented that (Lee, 30) â€Å"the art of propaganda lies in understanding the emotional ideas of the great masses and finding a way to the heart of the broad masses. † Propaganda was a means to gain and keep the support of the masses and the crude and over simplified weltanschaung (psychology) projected by Nazi propaganda inspired and overwhelmed millions of Germans, promoting the ideological goals of the regime and the creation of the ‘Fuhrer myth’. We will write a custom essay sample on Nazi Germany or any similar topic only for you Order Now Passive acceptance of the new regime was converted into active support and used to encourage Germans to pursue national socialistic goals. Through deliberate attempts to create a new social ritual, the Heil Hitler salute, Horst Wessel song and the supremacy of Militaristic uniforms were fabricated to strengthen the individuals identity with the regime. Music was carefully scrutinized and Jewish musicians such as Mendelson were removed from the list of composers, whilst special places were given to Opera’s of men such as Richard Wagner as they dealt with heroic German Legends from the past. Modern art was condemned as degenerate and any war and anti nazi ideology literature were burned in the ‘burning of the books’ on the 10th May 1933. Control of expression and communication is vital for a totalitarian state to be upheld and the Nazi’s were successful in indoctrinating its peoples and controlling both their expression and communication. According to Kershaw a totalitarian state requires passive and isolated population who are unable to respond however Gobbels turned passive Germans into active Germans. Propaganda during the Nazi regime was totalitarian in intent, however did not fulfill a totalitarian outcome. From a cultural perspective, Nazi Germany does not fit the social attributes of a totalitarian state whereby the people of the state are a passive population. Germans were encouraged to become part of the greater Volksgemeinschat (peoples community), and this is demonstrated in the Nuremberg rallies, where over one million Germans pledged their support to the Nazi Party through their presence. â€Å"Strength of Joy† a creation company that organised concerts where people would flock together, all in support of the Nazi Regime. The emphasis on group participation in social activities infiltrated all sections of society especially the youth. Young girls form the age of fourteen joined the Bund Deutscher Madel (League of German matrons and boys were encouraged to join the â€Å"Hitler Jugend. † Hitler youth had a membership of 3 500 000 14-18 year olds, a level of voluntary participation before it became law in 1936. Social activities and education for the youth were extremely well coordinated and schools were used for the purpose of indoctrination. All subjects particularly History and Biology were influenced by both the Nazi’s determinations to shape the minds of the younger generation as well as trying to achieve an Aryan Herronvolk (master race). Physical education (compromising 15% of school time), was important to encourage competition, enforce discipline and keep them young and healthy- in short pre-war training. Special schools – National Political Institute of Education- were provided for the most gifted and talented who were considered to be the future leaders of the third Reich. Despite the indoctrination of student, minority youth resistance groups still existed within the period of 1933-1942. White Rose, amongst the most effective condemned the killing of Jews as well as the ‘Swing; resistance group who opposed Hitler’s beliefs that Jazz and swing music were degenerate. Both groups however were ineffective and exposing led to imprisonment or death. Despite these splinter groups, all sections of society succumbed to the Nazi’s party direction for participation in both social activities and active support for the regime. The majority of the people embraced Hitler and Nazism with enthusiasm and willingness to support all of their endeavors. How to cite Nazi Germany, Papers Nazi Germany Free Essays

A Cross Industry Comparison of Customer Satisfaction

Question: Describe about A Cross Industry Comparison of Customer Satisfaction? Answer: Introduction TESCO is an international general merchandising and grocery retail organization, founded by Jack Cohen in the year 1924, now has an employee turnover of over 240,000 and has 2184 stores in only UK. It operates in six different formats of store which ranges from Tesco Express to Tesco Extra (Adebayo and Olonisakin, 2014). Over 75% of the group sales and the profits come from UK business only. The expansion of the operations comes from: Reaching over non-food retail services New space Multi-format approach Extensions to the existing stores The company operates in 15 markets worldwide and it highly relies on the ICT infrastructure to deliver steady and profitable operations of the business. Methodology The methodology of the report is based on two forms of data: Primary Data Secondary Data This will help in analyzing the report thoroughly. The primary data is based on the questionnaires and the interviews taken whereas the secondary data are based on the information from company websites, company reports and o5ther related journals and articles. Operation Management Of Tesco As the global competition is increasing the industry dealing in retail should continuously expand the capability of its operations and meet the unpredictable needs of the customers so as to do better than their competitors. TESCO in general has successfully been responsive to the risks, complexity and the competition under the ambitious and effective strategy of the companys operations (Anyesha, Hassan and Aboki, 2014). Specifically the strategy of operations of TESCO can be evaluated and analyzed from three aspects. They are: Corporate Strategy Business Unit Strategy Functional Strategy Perspective Of Corporate Strategy From the corporate strategy perspective, TESCO has closed many grocery stores in the year 1985. It had opened a lot of large supermarkets at the same under t6he CEO LanMac Lurin in the suburbs. Through the restructuring of the operations the company fundamentally established its business directions, format and focus. Currently it majorly operates 4 models of store which are Tesco Metro, Tesco Extra, Tesco Superstore and Tesco Express. These multi-format stores will not only make an increment in the flow of the customers but will also ensure that its total sales increase, that will guarantee profit from low price. Furthermore, with the saturation of the local market, demand of self-development and large competition, the company expanded its operations in the overseas market in due time and converted its format of store to international market such as Poland, China, Turkey. By the year 2005 the company operated in twelve countries. To some degree, TESCOs success in the expansion in the international market gave some approach in its corporate strategies (Barnes, 2011). Many companies could not handle its operations in the international market like TESCO. The company not only expanded successfully but it has also grown rapidly. The main factor is that the company treats its oversea markets with double prudence. The company can translate and localize the format of their store with the markets of the host countries which keeps the operation of the company smooth. TESCO depends on their capability which is of more importance than the store scale (Bode and Wagner, 2015). Perspective Of Business Unit And Functional Strategy Tesco sticks to the customer-centric perception from the very beginning and has shun many traditional approaches of retailing. The company has always been a step ahead of the competitors. Tescos most critical operation strategy states that the company should benefit its customers. Underneath the high concentration of the customer-centric conception, Tesco implements the strategy of low price policy and has initiated the Tesco club card for the loyalty of the customers. The company has been competing on its price from its inception. The vision of the company is to trade a broad range of its products as inexpensive as possible. The company keeps the prices of the products low via bulk purchasing (Govindan and Cheng, 2015). This avoids wastes and enhances the efficiency of the employee and also improves the design of the system of delivery. To realize a low cost in opposition to its competitors, the company has set up an international team sourcing which focuses on non-picking products of food from worldwide. The strategy of TESCO is to curtail the costs of the non-food products and increase the channel of purchase by procuring the items from the developing countries like India and China. Thus the strategy of offering at a lower price becomes a major competitive advantage that provides Tesco with success from the other retailers (Cannella, 2011). Five Performance Objectives The operation of Tesco requires the direction to manage its activities and resources. Five performance objectives are considered to be the dimensions of the overall performance of a company that satisfies the customers. There are five dimensions which are quality, dependability, flexibility, speed and cost. These dimensions make sure that the service that ids provided will meet the corporate goals and the requirements of the target markets and will distinguish itself from the competitors (Hanner et al., 2015). Quality Tesco has integrated the objective of its performance by making sure that the goods majorly the food products are of top-quality condition. This is done by efficient selection of the suppliers of Tesco. Furthermore the company makes sure that the goods do not take much time in the warehouses or not in shelves. The expiry dates of the goods are often checked to alleviate sale of substandard goods (Hassan and Parvez, 2013). Tesco performs audit on the suppliers to determine the quality of the products. The issues that the company checks are: Factory capability Hygiene condition in the preparation of food QMS (quality management system) Management of supply chain Dependability Tesco first does an accurate examine before the consignment of the courier system. This is how the company executes dependability in the organization. Tesco made sure that the delivery system is superior so that the customers can get the products promptly. If the customers wait for too long when the applicants are viable the company informs them quickly so that the customers do not have to9 wait unnecessarily and waste their time (Kim and Hallsworth, 2015). Flexibility Tesco has initiated their performance level by introducing new products and services continuously in line with the change in the tastes and preferences of the customers. Irish Yogurt can be one good example of Tescos innovation. When the company anticipated the modern trends of the customers progressing towards the natural products, it introduced Irish Yogurt. This yogurt is made by total natural ingredients. With the introduction of the products Tesco demonstrated its flexibility by considering the needs of the customers in the current scenario. Another flexibility example can be the introduction of the companys product line. The companys expansion and merger programs are also an example of flexibility which is why many stores are found outside UK (Plimmer, 2010). Speed Tesco has commenced the objective of speed in its daily customer handling in a faster pace when they are procuring items in the store. The attendants of the store are trained to be prompt in their service. Tesco also initiated online services which enable the customers to make the transactions over the internet. The customers can now avert wasting time in queuing while making their payments in the store or when trying to shift from one aisle to another for searching an item, they can do this by selecting their goods they want from the companys website simply (Rexhausen, Pibernik and Kaiser, 2012). The objective of the speed is also initiated in the process of Tescos operations in regard to the internal customers. Tesco is aware of the fact that the operation speed will directly affect the speed of other departments. Cost Tesco has initiated the objective of the operation by making sure that the objective of the performance are met by spending less on correcting the mistakes and making improvements in the efficiency of the process. Tesco has kept its costs at a level which is quite affordable for its customers which in turn made the customers loyal to Tesco (Tesco and Morrisons school report, 2014). Replenishment Cycle There are ten major replenishment activities that is followed by Tesco. The following diagram will show the same. Figure 1: Replenishment Cycle Tescos replenishment cycle sees the ten aspects of the cycle where it starts with merchandising and ends with building capacity (The entrepreneur's guide to financial statements, 2014). The following chart will explain elaborately. Merchandising Ordering Delivery Warehouse Stock Handling Correct space in every store. Completion of merchandise planning accurately Correct records of stock Forecasting of sales. Management of event Short lead time of the order Visibility of the schedule of the delivery. Accuracy in delivery. Confirmation of delivery automatically Layout of the warehouse. Design of the warehouse. Management of damages and wastes. Stock level in the warehouse. Pre and post sorting of the product Set Up Stock Movement Filling Routine of Stock Control Building of Capacity Setting up of the aisles. Process of handover between day and night. Congestion plan all hours. Movement of stock of the stores Process of filling. Plan for filling in days and nights Use of retail ready packaging. Counting of routine. Completion of the scanning of gap routine. Scanning of low line. Management of effective store duty Increment of capability of manager. Removal of absence and vacancies Capacity Strategy This is a relation between demand and supply within a time period. The principle of such planning is to make sure that an optimum match on capacity is there with demand. When it is reaches the optimum match, flexibility and dependability will increment (Xie and Allen, 2013). Figure 2: Capacity Strategy of Tesco Lead Capacity Strategy Tesco follows Lead Strategy as a part of capacity planning because they anticipate when there is an increment in demand. It is an aggressive strategy with an objective of attracting customers from the competitors so as to progress in the service level and reduction in lead time. It is a strategy of the company to reduce the stock out costs. A high capacity of the do not essentially mean that there is high inventory level, but it may entail in the costs of large cycle stock. Tesco ensures that it has sufficient capability to meet all the demand, even in the time of high growths. Tesco stays in an advantage by use of this strategy in a way that they can obstruct the competitors who may think of capacity expansion (Xie and Allen, 2013). Design Capacity This is the maximum output obtained or the usage of an operation that the designer had in mind at the beginning (Zhao, 2014). Tescos design capacity is to serve as many customers as 300 per hour which means every customer will take 1 minute to get served and there will be 5 checkouts along with it. So in one day, i.e., 16 hours Tesco can serve 4800 customers. The following diagram will show this elaborately: Figure 3: Design Capacity Recommendations Tesco to improve can make the managers measure the performance. There is an advantage in this organization that they can detect direction and make changes simultaneously. Change can be employed after considering the key performance objective of Tesco (Hanner et al., 2015). Tesco can improve its process by creativity from the staff. As the people who handle the process everyday they will know what is good. Tesco can discourage the idea of only marketing department planning the process. Tesco can try to benchmark. The company has many competitors both in the local and the international market. It can seek to evaluate the performance of the process and compare it with the competitors and then do the identification of the areas which need improvement. Staffs are available at the opening hours of Tesco so there should be staffs working at both the check outs. The physical space of the stores of Tesco should be increased as it limits the product amount which the company can stock (Barnes, 2011). References Adebayo, S. and Olonisakin, T. (2014). A Cross Industry Comparison of Customer Satisfaction: Do More Alternatives Mean More Satisfaction?. JMS, 5(4). Anyesha, A., Hassan, D. and Aboki, H. (2014). The Conquering Strategies of Oligopoly Firms. A review on entry Strategies of Tesco Company Plc in the UK and beyond. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(8), pp.06-15. Barnes, R. (2011). The great Tesco beauty gamble (the Tesco supermarket chains marketing strategy for breaking into the UK beauty services market). Strategic Direction, 27(7). Bode, C. and Wagner, S. (2015). Structural drivers of upstream supply chain complexity and the frequency of supply chain disruptions. Journal of Operations Management. Cannella, S. (2011). The impact of collaboration and smoothing replenishment rules on supply chain performance. 4OR-Q J Oper Res, 10(1), pp.109-110. Govindan, K. and Cheng, T. (2015). Sustainable supply chain management: Advances in operations research perspective. Computers Operations Research, 54, pp.177-179. Hanner, D., Hosken, D., Olson, L. and Smith, L. (2015). Dynamics in a Mature Industry: Entry, Exit, and Growth of Big-Box Grocery Retailers. Journal of Economics Management Strategy, 24(1), pp.22-46. Hassan, A. and Parvez, M. (2013). A Comparative Case Study Investigating the Adoption of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) The Case of Tesco and Sainsbury's. IJMVSC, 4(1), pp.1-10. Kim, W. and Hallsworth, A. (2015). Tesco in Korea: Regulation and Retail Change. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, p.n/a-n/a. Plimmer, G. (2010). Scoring points: How Tesco continues to win customer loyalty. Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, 9(4), pp.377-378. Rexhausen, D., Pibernik, R. and Kaiser, G. (2012). Customer-facing supply chain practicesThe impact of demand and distribution management on supply chain success. Journal of Operations Management, 30(4), pp.269-281. Tesco and Morrisons school report. (2014). Strategic Direction, 30(2), pp.18-20. The entrepreneur's guide to financial statements. (2014). Choice Reviews Online, 51(11), pp.51-6290-51-6290. Xie, Y. and Allen, C. (2013). Information technologies in retail supply chains: a comparison of Tesco and Asda. IJBPSCM, 5(1), p.46. Xie, Y. and Allen, C. (2013). Information technologies in retail supply chains: a comparison of Tesco and Asda. IJBPSCM, 5(1), p.46. Zhao, S. (2014). Analyzing and Evaluating Critically Tescos Current Operations Management. Journal of Management and Sustainability, 4(4).

Comparative Commercial Contracts-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Questions: 1.List and Explain briefly each of the Components required to demonstrate that a binding Contract exists. 2.Does a Contract have to be in writing to be Binding? 3.What is a Formal Contract? Explain the formalities of such a contract and give two examples. 4.Analyse this Issue Lotto Company in terms of Contract law 5.Why is it Important under law to Distinguish between a party who is an agent for a principal, from that of an Independent Contractor? Answers: 1.Elements of a Binding Contract- Contracts can either be written or oral depending on the key elements which must be present; offer acceptance and consideration with the intention of creating an agreement which is legally binding. Also,there should be capacity and legality. Offer- An offer is made when one party proposes and is accepted by the other party. This should be distinguished from mere intentions to negotiate. It is a forbearance or a return promise, for the exchange of performance for the promise. It demonstrates the willingness to enter into the bargain so that the other party's willingness is justified as a conclusion of the agreement. An offer should have terms which are certain and intent to enter into a contract (Cross, Miller,2012) There should also be acceptance which is a definite and unconditional agreement set out in the offer. It can be written or oral, and has to reflect the originally made offer. Consideration- the parties to the contract must receive something of value or significant, in which in the absence of such a thing, they would be disadvantaged. Capacity- capacity covers mental capability of a person to enter a contract. It covers infancy and mental competence to enter into a contract. If one of the parties does not have the mental competence to sign a contract, then a contract will not be binding. Similarly, those considered as children under the law, mostly 18 years and in other countries like America 16 years are considered to lack capacity to consent and hence enter into a valid contract. Intention to be legally bound by agreement- There should also be the intention to create binding relations. If a person A promises person B to give them money so as to go somewhere together, and person A fails to give money to B after going together, then person A cannot be sued for the money because their intentions at the promise were more of social as opposed to creating an agreement which is legally binding (Bowrey, Handler, Nicol, 2015).. 2.Do Contracts have to be in Writing to Be binding A contract can be oral or written, but certain contracts are not binding and enforceable unless they are in writing. Such contracts include contracts of sale and buying of land and mortgage contracts. Agreements of sale and finance credit agreements for consumers. Most oral contracts are enforceable but difficult to prove the details of the agreement. If an agreement is not in writing, the elements of a valid contract should be fulfilled. In Gordon V Macgregor (1909) 8CLR 316, High Court of Australia the CJ held that when an oral contract is entered into in writing then the written contract is the only evidence which will be administered in court, unless it is proven that the written contract did not embody all the factors in the agreement (Ayres, Ayres, 2012). Oral agreements are generally legally binding as long as they are conscionable, made in good faith equitable and reasonable. Oral contracts also require consent and mutual understanding where both parties are aware of what is going on. If for example a person hires a cleaner, both parties should know how many rooms are being cleaned. Oral contracts are difficult to enforce because they present many difficulties. Other contracts are silent and do not even require words like going to a convenience store and purchasing bread. Written contracts have some advantages; they are definite and clear, and the signatures of both parties are in record to show the intentions to be legally bound. To sum up, when there is good faith when parties come into a transaction, it important that a contract is put into writing so as to avoid disputes. The parole rule of evidence prevents outside evidence on oral agreements where there are no ambiguous aspects. In Joachim V Weldon 1962 OK 276, the court held that if an oral contract is to be enforced by a court of equity, the evidence should be clear, forcible and content in a way that there is not reasonable doubt as to the terms of the contract. The judicial preference is to use the aspects of written contracts. When a contract is written, most of the aspects which should be construed are out of the window (Latimer, 2012). 3.Formalities of a contract A formal contract is a contract which contains the necessary elements of a contract and is put into writing. An informal contract does not necessarily contain all the necessary elements of a contract and can time be oral. The difference between the contracts is how enforceable they can be in a court of law. Most cases do not require contracts to comply with formalities. However, there are certain impositions by the statute in particular contracts. The statute of Frauds 1677 UK provides the requirements for such contracts. In Australia, formalities to protect consumers require that consumers are given copies of contracts as a term to make proving such contacts easier. In contracts for the sale of land, they should be written and signed by the parties involved according to Section 126. If such dispositions are not put into writing, an action cannot be brought against a person. This is seen in the Victorian Act Instruments Act 1958 (Vic). Accordingly, consumer contracts and contracts of guarantee require written and signed agreements before an action is brought against a person. If there are two different notes of the memorandum, they can be joined together if there is a signature on one note and terms in the other. However, there must refer to each other by implication or expressly. This is seen in Elias v George Saheley Co Barbados Ltd (1983) 1C AC 646 where the document can include a mark or a sign of the individual to show the contract or document was recognized by the parties, by putting a mark. If the requirements of 126 are not met, then a contract is considered invalid (Mehta, 2012) In Australia, formalities generally exist to prevent fraud. However, in the doctrine of part performance contracts are enforceable in part despite non-compliance with the necessary formalities, as we see in the case of McBride v Sundland (1918) 25 CLR 69. However, difficulty arises in determining acts which constitute such performance. Commercial contracts should be written or recorded in documents. If a contract is written, it should be signed by the parties to an agreement or on behalf of the parties. Contracts are usually signed at the end of the document by convention. However, parties can choose how the contracts will come into effect without formal signatures or when faxed signature pages are exchanged. If there is a deviation of the custom form of entering the contract, it is important that parties record an agreement to that effect to have evidence of the agreement to that effect. Many options exist nowadays including digital signatures. If such signatures are used on a draft contract, then the contract will be effective. The instinctive preference would be to use the digital signatures while sending an email; such would require a conscious effort than just logging into a person's computer and sending their email. IP assignments need to be in writing and should be executed as conveyancing documents, deeds, and real property. Under English laws, these are rather exceptions than a rule. 4.The issue in this scenario is whether the lottery price should be shared between the contributors of the ticket A gambling contract is a contract which there is the performance of one party which is contingent on the outcome of a bet which is enforceable in most jurisdictions by statute. The scenario given is an example of a gaming and gambling contract. When the price is paid and there is a winning lottery, the person who pays and wins owns the money prima facie. However, in the scenario above, everyone contributes $2 to the lottery ticket which wins. One group is tasked with buying the ticket, and upon winning the purchaser does not feel like the rest of the members need to have a share in the price. From the above scenario, we see a verbal contract which can be difficult to prove because the court cannot precisely determine what took place. This, however, does not mean that the court will not enforce the contract. The risk in the scenario is the ambiguity of the contract and the burden of proving what transpired between the interested parties. So we see a group of people having the burden of proving that they had a share in the prize, and they have an equal share in the prize. Therefore, it is just not a social arrangement ( Kozolchyk, 2014). The group can prove interested in the prize, by demonstrating their intentions at the paying of the $2.which was that all parties benefit equally if any prize is won. Therefore, if they can prove that, it will be the courts job to decide whether there was a formation of a contract and the stakes of the parties involved in the process. The court will further decide if a breach occurred and whether the parties are entitled to damages, like specific performance, where whoever holds the money gives everyone in the group their entitled amount. The only problem which may arise is if the parties are not able to clearly identify and point out the terms of the agreement. Therefore, the parties are entitled to the expected sum, if they can prove there was the existence of an oral contract. 5.Implications of a principal agent relationship and that of an independent contractor An agency relationship is a fiduciary relationship where the agent acts as if it were the principal acting. There is a manifestation of consent in agency relationship where the agent is subject to consent and control of the principal. The instructions of the principal are binding on the agent. Also, the actions of the agent are binding to the principal. An independent contractor uses their own equipment and resources in carrying out their work. The terms of a contract are binding to the independent contractor. The acts of an independent contractor, as opposed to the agent, are not binding to their employer. AN independent contractor also carries out duties and functions independently, and they are not controlled by their employees, and their omissions or acts are not binding to their employees. An agent also works to benefit the principal and even makes third party contracts on behalf of the principal. An independent contractor works for their employee and receives payment for the wo rk done; and just works to fulfill their duties (Hammer,2016). An agency relationship could be apparent or implied authority. Implied or apparent authority can be assumed by an outsider where it appears as if there is the authority. Consequently, the company or principal will be prevented from denying the existence of such authority. For apparent or implied authority to be asserted, someone with actual authority should represent the person's authority by appointment to a certain position or allow such person to carry out certain activities. In appointment to a certain position, in the daily running of a company, the director binds the company while implementing daily running of company activities. An example of allowing someone to carry out certain activities is the activities of directors or senior executives over time are binding to a company. In agency, however, the agent has to act within the limits of the given authority, and if they act ultra vires, they can be liable for activities which are carried out outside the given authority. If a m anager is given the mandate to act as a manager their mandate does not extend to selling the entire company. In agency relationship also, the agent can be liable for not performing due diligence while carrying out their day to day activities. The agent also has the duty to not let their interest conflict with the principal, not to disclose confidential documents, not to make secret profits and not to delegate authority Braun, Starlinger, 2011). In Independent contractual relationships, have wide discretion in carrying out their activities, they can make decisions outside the employer's knowledge. References Anderson, J. (2011). Sports Betting: Law and Policy (Northern Ireland). In Sports Betting: Law and Policy (pp. 602-627). TMC Asser Press. Anderson, P. M., Blackshaw, I. S., Siekmann, R. C., Soek, J. (Eds.). (2012). Sports betting: law and policy. TMC Asser Press. Ayres, I., Ayres, I. (2012). Studies in Contract Law. Foundation Press. Bowrey, K., Handler, M., Nicol, D. (2015). Australian Intellectual Property: Commentary, Braun, I., Starlinger, A. (2011). Sports Betting. Law and Policy in Austria. In Sports Betting: Law and Policy (pp. 219-235). TMC Asser Press. Burrows, A. S. (2016). A restatement of the English law of contract. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. Cross, F. B., Miller, R. L. (2012). The Legal Environment of Business: Text and Cases Davis, M. H., Miller, A. R. (2013). Intellectual property: patents, trademarks, and copyright Dunklee, D. R., Shoop, R. J. (2006). The principal's quick-reference guide to school law: Reducing liability, litigation, and other potential legal tangles. Corwin Press. Economy Perspective. Routledge. Ethical, Regulatory, Global, and Corporate Issues. Cengage Learning. Hammer, L. (2016). Comparative Commercial Contracts: Law, Culture and Economic Development. By BORIS KOZOLCHYK. in a nutshell. West Group. Kelleher Jr, T. J., Abernathy IV, T. E., Bell Jr, H. J., Reed, S. L., Smith, C., Hancock, L. L. P. (2010). Smith, Currie Hancock's Federal Government Construction Contracts: A Practical Guide for the Industry Professional. John Wiley Sons. Kozolchyk, B. (2014). Comparative Commercial Contracts: Law, Culture and Economic Development (Hornbook Series): Law, Culture and Economic Development. West Academic. Landy, G. K. (2008). The IT/digital legal companion: a comprehensive business guide to software, Internet, and IP law: includes contracts and web forms. Syngress. Latimer, P. (2012). Australian Business Law 2012. CCH Australia Limited. Law and Practice.

Environmental Scan and Industry Analysis

Introduction Environmental scanning is a control mechanism operated by companies in order to ensure growth and stability in the market. It may be internal or external. An internal environmental scan focuses on the companies’ internal control system. It checks on the effectiveness of its present and future objectives.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Environmental Scan and Industry Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This procedure assists the company to review the effectiveness of their policies and their capability in terms of facing future risks. The external environment encompasses the factors that may affect the companies’ performance with regard to issues that the management has no control over. These factors may include the market forces of demand and supply, political issues facing the country, environmental and social issues in the community. Discussion The coffee industry has shown tremendous increase in its market over the years that have passed. These trends fluctuate over time due to the market forces of demand and supply. They may be influenced by government policies over the export and import of the commodity. Climate change adversely affects the coffee industry where the temperatures in coffee producing areas have risen by half a degree within the past 25 years. This limits land capacity to productivity as well as reduced water availability. This has caused, and will continue causing, increased prices on coffee due to the demand being higher than the supply (Rogers, 2008). The coffee industry has grown by about 190% since the 20th century. This is due to the wide variety of roasted coffee in the current market. Raw coffee beans have had a decline in prices, making the farmer resistant to cropping the crop. Political influences on coffee production occur from time to time, depending on the country of produce or purchase. In the 1980’s, the co ffee producers had â€Å"war taxes†, which made trade, of coffee impossible in El Salvador. The farmers refrained from replanting coffee trees so as to avoid huge loses of their property. In recent years since the year 2000, many competitors have come up the industry thus causing a decrease in the coffee market. (Morrison, 1987) Developing countries have shown a great percentage of dependency on agriculture as a means of livelihood. Most farmers have shifted to production of cash crops in their farms, with a hope of increasing their income. Coffee and tea are the most widely produced cash crops in the developing nations. This is due to the favourable climate of coffee growing areas.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The increase in the number of competitors has seen the income to these farmers decrease consistently to a level where the poor farmers have minimal benefit as compared to the retailers. The World Bank records that about 60.5 billion dollars arise from the trade of coffee. Out of this, the coffee producers get less than 3% of the final trade revenue. The producers acquire the roasted coffee at an incredibly higher price than that of the raw beans. About half of all developing countries depend on exports in order to earn about 50% of the countries’ foreign exchange income. In Africa, more than 75% of Burundi’s’ exports are coffee and in Uganda 50%. In the past, there was a body regulating the coffee prices in the market, the buffer stock system. The International coffee agreement implemented it but collapsed in the late 1980’s. Since then there has been no standard unit price for the coffee market (Weick Sutcliffe, 2007). The countries with the highest production of coffee worldwide are Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, Indonesia and India. In the year 2007, Brazil took the lead of 2.2 million tonnes, follo wed by Vietnam, Colombia and Indonesia with a production of 0.96, 0.69 and 0.67 respectively. Brazil over the years has remained to be the largest producer of coffee, followed by Vietnam and Indonesia. In Africa, Ethiopia is the largest coffee producer followed by Uganda and Cameroon. The coffee industry is second to oil in the world market (Fidel, 1989). The best consumers of coffee worldwide are Luxembourg, Finland, Switzerland, Norway and Sweden. The per capita consumption scores at 25.55, 12.62, 9.15, 8.99 and 8.28 kilograms per capita respectively. Italy utilizes 5.98 kg/capita, Canada 5.80 kg/capita and the United States of America 4.17 kg/capita. Coffee’s price elasticity of demand is very low. This could be due to the increased production of substitute drinks in a warming up climate. Coffee consumption increases at a low rate annually of about 1 %. This may be because most people may view it as a luxurious good, compared to food. Coffee producers and consumers come to gether through the International Coffee Organization. This body assists the coffee sector to stabilize through governmental co-operation amongst the member countries. It involves more than 70 member nations. It assists the poor developing countries in improving the quality of their coffee also in empowering their communities. It uses marketing strategies to increase world consumption of coffee, thus improving the market for producers in the developing countries.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Environmental Scan and Industry Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most of the farmers in the developing nations practice small scale coffee production. In large producer countries such as Brazil, farmers practice large-scale production of coffee. This is an employment avenue to most of its citizens. Millions of people in Brazil work in the coffee sector, thus contributing to increasing the countriesâ€℠¢ revenue (Fahey, 1981). Coffee as a luxury in many countries brings prestige and self-satisfaction to people. The choice of a coffee berry in use brings about luxury. When compared to alcohol or other luxurious commodities, coffee consumption still stands out. This can be attributed to the fact that coffee rates in second in the world market consumption. The internal environment of any firm is very crucial since it governs the running of events. For any business or firm to run smoothly, there has to be an effective plan to follow. It is necessary for a business to lay down its strategies towards achieving success. It will also require management to lay out ways in which the plan can be implemented and evaluated. An environmental scan is also necessary to ensure control over the firm. The firm has to lay down its mission and objectives for a given duration. In order to implement the strategy, the company needs policies laid out clearly, as to how decisions should be made in the Comp any. This avoids inequality and biasness, while promoting order in the business (Blewits, 2008). Porter, in the essentials of strategic management, says that strategies are of five forms. Corporate, directional, growth, concentration and stability strategies are considered when instituting a business firm. Corporate strategies govern the running of the business as a whole. It deals with the financial bit of the companies’ resources. The directional strategy focuses on how the business may expand in future, incorporation of a new product, the source of capital to enable expansion and personnel to be relied. The firm should consider the methods for the firm’s growth such as sales and profits. Growth can be either vertical or horizontal. This means that there has to be a plan to ensure growth within the firm or in other geographical regions. The stability strategy includes having policies about the use of profits, whether to incorporate change or not. Conclusion The Great Cups Coffee shop uses the growth strategy. The management uses its profits to acquire other stores and open up new coffee shops in them. It also expands the current coffee shops by acquiring adjacent stores. They use their profits to buy land and build new permanent coffee shops. The Great Cups expand both internally and geographically.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Blewits, J. (2008). Understanding Sustainable Development. London, U.K. Earth Scan. Fahey, R. (1981). Environmental Scanning and Forecasting in Strategic Planning. New York: Routledge. Fidel, J. (1989). 2020 Perfect Vision for the next Century: An Environmental Scan.  Document Reproduction Service, 319 (451), 2-39. Morrison, J. L. (1987). Planning for Higher Education, Establishing an Environmental Scanning System to Augment College and University Planning, Environmental  Journal, 15(1), 7- 22. Rogers, P. P. (2008). An Introduction to Sustainable Development. London, U.K. Earth Scan. Weick, K. E., Sutcliffe, K. M. (2007). Managing the unexpected: resilient performance  in an age of uncertainty (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. This research paper on Environmental Scan and Industry Analysis was written and submitted by user Lilyanna Baker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Witches and Lady Macbeth Essay Example

Witches and Lady Macbeth Essay Example Witches and Lady Macbeth Paper Witches and Lady Macbeth Paper Essay on Three Witches and Lady Macbeth In the Shakespearian tragedy, Macbeth, there are many characters who greatly influence and contribute to the outcome of the play. Among the characters, Macbeth is the main character of the play. However, there are also other less significant characters who have a large impact on the plot of the play as well. Also among these characters, are the Three Weird Sisters and Lady Macbeth. The Three Weird Sisters (the Witches) are first introduced to the audience in the opening scene of the play. Lady Macbeth is introduced later on in Act I. The audience automatically gets a strange and cruel vibe from this woman; it is shown that she is evil she is shown to be cruel and cold-hearted. Both the Witches and Lady Macbeth both put ideas into Macbeths head, which causes Macbeth to listen to them, and in result, they influence Macbeths actions, which impact the plot and outcome of the play; thus, Macbeths own downfall and his own personal tragedy. The Witches and Lady Macbeth both place ideas into Macbeths head. In the opening of the play, the audience first meets the Three Witches. These witches speak in paradoxical statements that appear contradictory and puzzling, but have real truth to them.An example of a paradoxical sentence is when the witches say Fair is foul, and foul is fair ( Act I, ii), which states the idea that things are not always what they appear to be. This idea is basically a reoccurring theme throughout the entire play, and is introduced in the very first scene. When Macbeth meets the Witches for the first time, they each greet him with a different title name.All hail Macbeth!Hail to thee, Thane of Gladis!All hail, Macbeth!Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafter! ( Act I, iii).Here, the Witches greet Macbeth with different titles.The first, Thane of Gladis is what Macbeth is at the present.

Artists Think Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Artists Think - Essay Example A question here arises as to why can’t the artists speak rather than sketching their feelings into a picture. An answer to this question is that some feelings cannot be expressed in words but rather can be expressed by sketching. These feelings can only be understood better by looking at the picture. Artists have a unique way of drawing these pictures to tell how they feel about these issues. They work on their drawing so that the audience can feel the theme of the drawing. Artists feel that a sketch can appeal more to an audience rather than simple words. It can be said that truly artists are able to express their feelings and emotions through a drawing. The pictures speak more than the words according to the artists as these pictures can present a whole picture of the event. The artists work on their drawings to give the audience a better picture of the whole event. It can be clearly said that these artists are able to express better in pictures than in speaking.

International Management (Questions) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Management (Questions) - Essay Example The importance of the free market system to capitalism is its ability to generate growth and innovation. This is demonstrated in an important consequence of the free market system, which is globalization. The more a state is open to the model, to economic freedom in their respective markets, the more economic prosperity is generated. Free market economies provide the most conducive environment for foreign investment and trade. In addition to this, states with free market tend to be less corrupt than an authoritarian state mainly because they are more politically free, having a democratic system that is characterized by civil and legal ways for resolving conflicts Keagley 332). Indeed, in the analysis of the experiences of state-controlled economies, there is the prominence of political economic repression characterized by the stifling of civil liberties and the violation of individual human rights. The beauty of the free market model is illustrated in the case of China. Through the years, China has implemented economic reforms that saw its economy shift from a heavy-handed control of the central government towards the free market system, greatly contributing to its rapid economic growth. The Chinese economic reform underwent three stages – building an economic system with the planned economy as the main body and a limited introduction of market adjustment in 1980; implementing the planned commercial economy in 1984; and establishing the socialist market economy in 1993 (Monson and Duval 2005, 78). What is apparent here is that for a communist country, the economic reform initiative was leading towards an open and liberal economy. China today is further pursuing the continuing decentralization of management, privatization of ownership and the marketization of resource distribution. There are, however, economic scholars that would